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Human Structure > Arm & Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Arm & Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Compartments of Limb

A
  • Separated by deep fascia and bone
  • Functionally related
  • Same blood supply
  • Same innervation
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2
Q

Arm

A
  • Posterior Compartment
    • Generally Extensors
  • Anterior Compartment
    • Generally Flexors
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3
Q

Cubital Fossa

A

Triangular depression on anterior portion of elbow

  • Boundaries:
    • Medial: Pronator Teres
    • Laterally: Brachioradialis
    • Superior: Line drawn between Medial & Lateral Epicondyles
  • Contents:
    • Biceps Brachii Tendon
    • Brachial a.
    • Median n.
    • Radial n.
  • Median Cubital v. (Superficial to fossa)
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4
Q

Forarm

A

Compartments:

  • Posterior:
    • ​Extensors
  • Anterior:
    • ​Flexors
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5
Q

The Carpal Tunnel

A

Boundaries:

  • Carpal Bones (Floor/Walls)
  • Flexor Retinaculum: dense CT
    • Roof

Contents:

  • Tendons
  • Median n.
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6
Q

Hand

A

Comparments:

  • Hypothenar (light blue)
    • Control Pinky
  • Thenar (orange)
    • Control Tumb
  • Central (pink)
  • Adductor (purple)
  • Interosseous (brown)
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7
Q

Arterial Supply of Upper Limb

A
  • Suclavian Artery: main blood supply to limb
    • At lateral border of 1st rib: Axillary Artery
    • At inferior border of teres major: Brachial Artery
      • First branch: Deep Brachial Artery (goes to posterior compartment)
      • Bifurcates (around cubital fossa) into ulnar a. and radial a. (supply forearm)
        • These anastomose and form superficial and deep palmar arches
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8
Q

Venous Drainage

A
  • Deep veins have same names as arteries
  • Cephalic Vein: on thumb border
  • Basilic Vein: on pinky border
  • Connected via Median Cubital vein
    • ​Location of venipuncture
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9
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

  • Preaxial Border: innervated by C5-C7
  • Postaxial Border: innervated by C8-T2

Assessment:

  • C5: lateral shoulder
  • C6: first digit
  • C7: third digit
  • C8: fifth digit
  • T1: medial elbow
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10
Q

Fascia and Compartments of Arm

A
  • Superficial Fascia (fatty layer) contains: superficial veins, cutaneous nerves, lymphatics
  • Deep Fascia = Brachial Fascia
    • ​Gives off medial and lateral intermuscular septa to divide into anterior/posterior compartments
    • Does not stretch: compartment syndrome (compression of a, v, n from inflammation)
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Anterior Compartment Muscles

A
  • Primarily flexors (of shoulder and elbow)
  • All innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
    • Biceps Brachii
    • Coracobrachialis
    • Brachialis
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13
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Innervation:

  • Musculocutaneous n.

Origin:

  • Supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
  • Coracoid Process (short head)

Insertion:

  • Radial tuberosity

Action:

  • Flexes and supinates elbow
    • Powerful supinator

Bloody Supply:

  • Brachial a.
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14
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Innervation:

  • Musculocutaneous n.

Origin:

  • Coracoid process

Insertion:

  • Humerus

Action:

  • Flexes shoulder

Blood Supply:

  • Brachial a.
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15
Q

Brachialis

A

Innervation:

  • Musculocutaneous n.

Origin:

  • Humerus

Insertion:

  • Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

Action:

  • Flexes elbow

Blood Supply:

  • Brachial a.
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16
Q

Supination

A
  • Rotation of the forearm so palm faces anteriorly
17
Q

Pronation

A
  • rotation of forearm so palm pointing posteriorly
18
Q

Posterior Compartment Arm Muscles

A
  • Primarily extensors of elbow
  • Innervated by radial nerve
  • Blood Supply: deep brachial a.
19
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Innervation:

  • Radial n.

Insertion:

  • Olecranon process of ulna

Action:

  • Extend shoulder

Blood Supply:

  • Deep brachial a.
20
Q

Anconeus

A

Innervation:

  • Radial n.

Origin:

  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:

  • Olecranon and ulna

Action:

  • Extends elbow

Blood Supply:

  • Deep brachial a.
21
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of Arm

A
  • Branches of axillary n.: upper lateral arm
  • Intercostalbrachial n.: upper medial arm
    • Involved in heart attacks
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of arm: medial and anterior arm
  • Radial n.: posterior and lateral arm
22
Q

Does Ulnar n. go through cubital fossa?

A
  • No
  • Goes posterior to elbow“funny bone”
23
Q

Elbow Joint

A
  • Hinge synovial joint between humerus, radius, ulna
  • Stable in adults (not in kids)
    • Two triangular ligaments:
      • Ulnar collateral ligament (medial)
        • Medial epicondyle to ulna
      • Radial collateral ligament (lateral)
        • Lateral epicondyle to radius
  • Flexion and Extension (supination/pronation in forearm)
    • Close Pack: extension
    • Loose Pack: flexion
24
Q

Annular Ligament

A
  • Surrounds head of radius (holds in place)
    • Fits tightly in adults (not in kids)
25
Q

Elbow Dislocations

A
  • Majority are posterior: humerus moves anteriorly, while forearm bones dislocate posteriorly
  • Usually the result of a fall on an outstretched hand
  • More common in children (joint not as firm)
    • Elderly are, however, more prone to fall
26
Q

What nerve is compromised in posterior dislocation of elbow?

A

Ulnar n. (runs posterior)

  • Median n and brachial a maybe
27
Q

Subluxation of Head of Radius

A
  • “Partial Dislocation”
  • Occurs when there is sudden pull on pronated forearm
  • Tears annular ligament (thinner in children)
  • Radial head pulled out
  • Common in children

Treatment:

  • Supinate and extend the forearm
  • Apply posteriorly placed pressure on head of radius

Human Structure (30 decks)

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