Bone

Question 1

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 1

Support and weight bearing
Storage of minerals
Formation of blood
Protection (e.g. skull)

Question 2

What are the two types of bone formation?

Answer 2

Endochondral and intramembranous ossification

Question 3

What is the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Answer 3

Endochondral ossification forms most bones in the body- particularly long bones. It involves the membrane becoming replaced by bone.
Intramembranous ossification forms the flat bones of the skull, face jaw and clavicle. It involves the hyaline cartilage model becoming replaced by bone.

Question 4

Name the 6 types of bone.

Answer 4

Flat Bone
Irregular Bone
Long Bone 
Short Bone
Sesamoid Bone
Sutural Bone

Question 5

Where do sesamoid bone occur?

Answer 5

Where there is risk of friction

Question 6

What is the role of collagen in bones?

Answer 6

Prevents the bones being so brittle that they break very easily.

Question 7

What is the role of osteoclasts?

Answer 7

To break down old bone

Question 8

What is the role of osteoblasts?

Answer 8

To build up new bone- become osteocytes once surrounded by matrix.

Question 9

What is the (theorised) function of osteocytes?

Answer 9

Maintain bone matrix and sense mechanical forces

Question 10

What are the main constituents of the extracellular matrix of bone?

Answer 10

Minerals (hydroxyapatite crystals), collagen, water,

Question 11

How are osteocytes formed?

Answer 11

Differentiation of osteoblasts