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DEOH102 > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 types of bone tissue , where they are found and what main base is made from

A

1.Compact bone - outer part bones
made of Haversion systems (osteon )

  1. Trabecular bone ( spongy) bone
    inside bony mesh ( supports myeloid tissue -red bone marrow forms blood cells )
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2
Q

What’s the composition of bone extracellular matrix and their function

know

A

67% Inorganic - hydroxyapatite ( calcium phosphate crystals+ calcium salts )
= hardness and resistance to compression force

33%)- organic -28% collagen ( Type 1 mostly ) + 5% non collagen proteins ( proteoglycans )
= tensile strength of bone

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3
Q

Name 3 kinds of bone ,what like and an example

A
  1. Long - femur
  2. Flat- 2 compact layers with spongy filling between them eg skull bones
  3. Sutural - small and irregularly shaped between flat bones e.g coronal suture between temporal and frontal bone,
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4
Q

Name 5 functions bone

A

1.Support body upright
2.Protect -organs inside body
3.Movement -
4.Mineral storage - hydroxyapatite major reservoir calcium/phosphorus
5. haematoporesis- makes red blood cells in red bone marrow by myeloid

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5
Q

where is blood made in bones

A

in red bone marrow by myeloid tissue(haematopoiesis )

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6
Q

Name 3 bone cells and function

A

1.Osteocytes- allow nutrient/waste exchange betweencells( these are mature osteoblasts caught in lamella )and secrete bone matrix proteins
2. Osteoclasts- clean bone up/break it down
3. Osteoblasts- build bone

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7
Q

What is the Haversian system other name

A

Osteon

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8
Q

Describe an Osteon

( YOU SAID KNOW )

A

Basic unit compact bone
Central canal ( Haversian canal ) caring blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics surrounded bycylindrical lamella ( calcified layers made by osteoblasts

Osteons connected by Volkmanns canal

Have Osteocytes (osteoblasts surround by osteoid trapped in their lacunae ) connect to each other thru canaliculi

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9
Q

What’s a Volkmans canal

A

Channels that connects osteons to each other

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10
Q

What cells are used in bone remodelling
(KNOW )

A

Osteoclasts _ breakdown bone( clean up bone )
Osteoblasts - build new bone via osteoid

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11
Q

What do osteoblasts secrete

A

Osteoid

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12
Q

Name 4 bone cell types and what do

(YOU HAD KNOW )

A
  1. Osteogenic cells (Stem cells turn into osteoblasts)
  2. Osteoblasts ( builders of extracellular bone matrix)
  3. Osteoclasts ( clean up/break down ( remodel ) bone extracellular matrix
  4. Osteocytes - mature bone cells , maintain bone ( osteoblasts caught in lacunae )
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13
Q

Describe an osteoblast

A

cell
arise from osteogenic stem cells in periosteum /endosteum of bone)
lots Golgi as secrete osteoid
Lots rough endoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

describe an osteoblasts function

A

Cause Apposition ( growth bone)

Synthesise and secrete osteoid ( mostly type 1 collagen ) __> osteoid calcifies ( start apposition )

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15
Q

Describe as osteocyte

A

Mature osteoblast caught in lacuna by its secreted matrix - secretes bone matrix proteins so maintains bone ‘
Communicate to each other by canalculi

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16
Q

Describe osteoclasts
(YOU HAD KNOW WELL )

A

multi nucleated cells
lots gologi , mitochondria and RER ( rough endoplasmic reticulum)
Concentrated in endosteum of bone in Howship lacunae

17
Q

Describe the function osteoclast
( YOU SAID KNOW )

A

Involved in bone resorption ( remodelling bone)
( part of normal bone growths well as development /repair )

  1. Osteoclast attaches to mineralised bone surface at ruffled edge /sealed zone )
  2. In sealed zone acidic environment forms and bone demineralised
  3. Exposed bone matrix degraded by lysosome enzymes ( Alkaline phosphatase )- Howship lacunae form
  4. Endocytosis of degraded product at ruffled border
  5. Waste exported to other end of cell
18
Q

How does bone remodelling occur

(KNOW )

A

Osteoclasts attach ruffled border of bones —>
form a acidic environment ( demineralises bone ) - –> exposed matrix is degraded - causing Howship lacunae depressions —> degraded product endocytose and get removed to other end of the cell .

Osteogenic stem cell –> osteoblast –> secrete osteoid - making new calcifications as osteoclasts clean up as above ( WOrK TOGETHeR )

19
Q

Name 2 bone conditions

A

Osteoporosis - in woman especially, MOST COMMON
Due to
1. Low hormone levels ( oestrogen /tesosterone ) PLUS inadequate calcium/vit D
—>
2.Loss trabecular bone density so loss calcified matrix
See
Porous fragile bones/break easily

Treatment : oestrogen and supplements calcium/vit d
and calcitonin nasal spray to increase calcium storage in bone

Osteomalacia-
metabolic disorder -Osteoid not calcify properly as
cant absorb vitamin d /calcium ) –>weak bones/muscle wasting /fractures
- txn :supplements calcium and vit d, sunlight ( a vitamin d source )

20
Q

Name 2 types of bone ossification/healing

A

Endochondral ossification - turns cartilage into bone

Intramembranous- formation bone when no cartilage present

21
Q

what is endochondral ossification

A

Cartilage turning into bone
Seen in fracture healing or growth of bones ( also in embryo )

  • epiphyseal plates add cartilage that later becomes bone tissue elongating the bones
22
Q

what is intramembraneous ossification

A

Formation bone tissue when no cartilage is present
- occurs in embryo from osteoblasts

23
Q

Difference between cortical and cancellous ( spongy ) bone

A

Cortical - dense hard bone ( strong )
Cancellous - spongy in spine and long bones ends

24
Q

Discuss bone organisation on the jaw

( YOU HAD KNOW )

A

1.Alveolar bone proper -plates compact bone around teeth

2.Alveolar bone facial/lingual surfaces -compact (cortical) and trabecular bone supporting

  1. Between alveolar bone proper and Cortical bone -= Trabecular bone - spongy bone
  2. Interdental/interradicular septa - compact plates + spongy bone
  3. Alveolar bones ( compact bone on outside - trabecular inside )
25
Q

Explain what happens if a bone fractures how heals

A

1.Break - bone death /vascular damage
2.Bone blood clot forms
3.Fibrin mesh forms’Granulation via fibroblasts /inflammation cells
4.Bony callus forms ( ext callus and spongy internal callus )
5. Formation /remodelling new bone by osteoclasts and osteoblasts activity

DEOH102 (25 decks)

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