Bonding Flashcards
How do covalent bonds form?
when non metals share electrons to get a full outer shell
what are the two different types of covalent bonds?
simple covalent and giant covalent bonds
how do ionic bonds form?
metals with non-metals gain and lose electrons
what’s an ionic bond
A strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions, it will not be ionic unless you have a non-metal and metal present.
how do metallic bonds form
When metals lose electrons to form positive ions in sea of delocalised electrons.
what’s a metallic bond
a strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative delocalised electrons
properties of covalent bonds
1)Most covalent compounds have relatively low melting points and boiling points.
2)Covalent compounds tend to be soft and relatively flexible.
3)they do not conduct electricity.
properties of ionic bonds
1)They have high melting points and high boiling points.
2)They’re hard and brittle.
3)They only conduct electricity as a liquid
properties of metallic bonds
1)have high melting and boiling points.
2)strong
3)Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. This is because the delocalised electrons
Allotropes
Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state
structure of a polymer
each polymer molecule is made up of smaller units -monomers
Polymer
large molecules made up of long chains of smaller molecules called monomers.
Intermolecular forces
the force between molecules
explain why solids liquids and gases have different states
various physical properties of them such as intermolecular force, the distance between particles,
what’s a ball and stick model
to show the structure of molecules in a three dimensional shape
Whats a giant lattice
A giant lattice is arranged in a giant ionic structure, This means that ionic compounds have high melting points and boiling points.
In which change is energy transferred from the surroundings to the substance
Melting
A magnesium ion has the formula Mg2+. What is its electronic structure?
2.8
Sulphur is in group 6 of the periodic table. What is the charge on its ions, and is the charge positive or negative?
The charge is negative, since sulphur is a non-metal. The charge on the ion is negative 2- .The reason for this is due to the fact that group 6 elements want or need two electrons to make a full outer shell.
(8 - 6) = 2-
What has lower melting and boiling points than a gigantic covalent bond
any thing with intermolecular boding as this is weaker.
What are the two types of polymers
condensation and addition
polyatomic ions
is a covalently bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge.
Ammonium
NH4 +
Calcium
Ca 2+
