Bonding

Question 1

How do covalent bonds form?

Answer 1

when non metals share electrons to get a full outer shell

Question 2

what are the two different types of covalent bonds?

Answer 2

simple covalent and giant covalent bonds

Question 3

how do ionic bonds form?

Answer 3

metals with non-metals gain and lose electrons

Question 4

what’s an ionic bond

Answer 4

A strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions, it will not be ionic unless you have a non-metal and metal present.

Question 5

how do metallic bonds form

Answer 5

When metals lose electrons to form positive ions in sea of delocalised electrons.

Question 6

what’s a metallic bond

Answer 6

a strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative delocalised electrons

Question 7

properties of covalent bonds

Answer 7

1)Most covalent compounds have relatively low melting points and boiling points.
2)Covalent compounds tend to be soft and relatively flexible.
3)they do not conduct electricity.

Question 8

properties of ionic bonds

Answer 8

1)They have high melting points and high boiling points.
2)They’re hard and brittle.
3)They only conduct electricity as a liquid

Question 9

properties of metallic bonds

Answer 9

1)have high melting and boiling points.
2)strong
3)Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. This is because the delocalised electrons

Question 10

Allotropes

Answer 10

Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

Question 11

structure of a polymer

Answer 11

each polymer molecule is made up of smaller units -monomers

Question 12

Polymer

Answer 12

large molecules made up of long chains of smaller molecules called monomers.

Question 13

Intermolecular forces

Answer 13

the force between molecules

Question 14

explain why solids liquids and gases have different states

Answer 14

various physical properties of them such as intermolecular force, the distance between particles,

Question 15

what’s a ball and stick model

Answer 15

to show the structure of molecules in a three dimensional shape

Question 16

Whats a giant lattice

Answer 16

A giant lattice is arranged in a giant ionic structure, This means that ionic compounds have high melting points and boiling points.

Question 17

In which change is energy transferred from the surroundings to the substance

Answer 17

Melting

Question 18

A magnesium ion has the formula Mg2+. What is its electronic structure?

Answer 18

2.8

Question 19

Sulphur is in group 6 of the periodic table. What is the charge on its ions, and is the charge positive or negative?

Answer 19

The charge is negative, since sulphur is a non-metal. The charge on the ion is negative 2- .The reason for this is due to the fact that group 6 elements want or need two electrons to make a full outer shell.
(8 - 6) = 2-

Question 20

What has lower melting and boiling points than a gigantic covalent bond

Answer 20

any thing with intermolecular boding as this is weaker.

Question 21

What are the two types of polymers

Answer 21

condensation and addition

Question 22

polyatomic ions

Answer 22

is a covalently bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge.

Question 23

Ammonium

Answer 23

NH4 +

Question 24

Calcium

Answer 24

Ca 2+

Question 25

Sodium

Answer 25

Na +

Question 26

Lead

Answer 26

Pb 2+

Question 27

Hydroxide

Answer 27

OH -

Question 28

Nitrate

Answer 28

NO3 -

Question 29

Carbonate

Answer 29

CO3 2-

Question 30

Sulfate

Answer 30

SO4 2-

Question 31

What is a mixture

Answer 31

A mixture consists of two or more substances that are not chemically joined together. The substances in a mixture can be elements or compounds, but either way, they are not joined together.

Question 32

what is a giant covalent lattice

Answer 32

Giant covalent structures contain very many atoms , each joined to adjacent atoms by covalent bonds . The atoms are usually arranged into giant regular lattices - extremely strong structures because of the many bonds involved.

Question 33

what is a giant ionic lattice

Answer 33

Ionic compounds have regular structures. In a giant ionic lattice, there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction acting in all directions between the oppositely charged ions.