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Chemistry > Atomic structure And the periodic table > Flashcards

Atomic structure And the periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

What does filtration do

A

Filtration separates insoluble solids from liquids

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2
Q

Two ways to separate soluble solids

A

Evaporation and crystallization

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3
Q

How does simple distillation work

A

The solution is heated the lowest boiling point evaporates first

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4
Q

What is one problem with simple distillation

A

Only separate things with very different boiling points

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5
Q

Who was John Dalton

A

He described an atom as solid sphere

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6
Q

JJ Thompson

A

Atoms weren’t solid he measured the charge, And an atom must have even smaller negatively charged Particles

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7
Q

Plum pudding model

A

An atom has a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck in it

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8
Q

Who proved the plum pudding model wrong

A

Rutherford from the famous alpha particle scattering experiment ,We are positively charged alpha particles were fired at a thin sheet of Gold

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9
Q

What did Rutherford come up with as A new model

A

The nuclear model of an atom

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10
Q

Niels Bohr model

A

That electrons are held in different orbitals or shells

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11
Q

Hey certain number of electrons are allowed in each shell what are these numbers

A

2, 8 and In the third shell eight

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12
Q

Describe the electron shape for nitrogen 7

A

This has 7 Protons seven electrons, thus 2 in 1st shell and 5 in the following Shell.

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13
Q

The following diagram shows the electron configuration for sodium with 11 electrons

A
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14
Q

Who is Dimitri Mendeleev 1869

A

Formed the periodic table, isolating elements in the correct groups and periods.

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15
Q

What did the group numbers tell us in the periodic table

A

The group refers to the number of electrons in the outer shell

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16
Q

What do metal elements form when they react

A

Positive ions

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17
Q

Are most elements in the periodic table metals

A

Yes

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18
Q

What type of bonding do metals have

A

Metallic bonding, they are strong, they are great at conducting heat and electricity, and have a high boiling points

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19
Q

Can transition metals have more than one element and give an example

A

Yes copper +1 or copper +2 and Cu+3 , They can also make good catalysts

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20
Q

What are group one metals

A

Alkali metals

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21
Q

Properties of alkali metals

A

With one electron they increase in reactivity as you move down the group. Low melting and boiling points highly reactive

22
Q

Alkali metals form ionic compounds with nonmetals are they colorless and soluble

A

Yes, white solid that dissolves in water to form colourless solution

23
Q

An example of a metal dissolving in water chemical equation

A
24
Q

Group 1 metals react with oxygen give an example

A

Metal oxide formed lithium oxide Li2 0

25
Q

Give an example of some halogens

A

Fluorine a yellow gas, Chlorine: dense green gas, Bromine red brown volatile liquid

26
Q

As you go down the halogen grouping it becomes less reactive but what happens to the melting point

A

Higher melting and boiling points.

27
Q

What is the bonding between halogens And non metals

A

Covalent bonding such as HCl

28
Q

What is the bonding between Halogens and metals

A

Ionic bonding Such as Na+ Cl

29
Q

Can the displacement reaction occur with halogens

A

Displacement reaction can occur between more reactive halogens and the salt of the less reactive one E.g. chlorine can displace ,Bromine

30
Q

What are group 0 elements known as

A

Noble gases

31
Q

Why does the boiling point increase in noble gases as you move down the group?

A

Boiling point increases due to the number of electrons in each atom leading to greater intermolecular forces.

32
Q

Balance the equation FE + CL2 - FECL3

A

2 iron +3 chloride2

33
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

H2So4

34
Q

Sodium carbonate

A

NaCo3

35
Q

Calcium chloride

A

CaCl

36
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

Hcl

37
Q

Carbon dioxide from incomplete combustion

A

Co

38
Q

sodium chloride

A

NaCl

39
Q

Chemical formula for ammonia

A

NH3

40
Q

Compounds form with nonmetals consist of molecules

A

Each atom shares an electron with another atom covalent bonding

41
Q

What happens in a compound word is formed by a metal and a nonmetal

A

The metal atom loses an electron to form positive ions and nonmetal atom gains an electron to form a negative ion

42
Q

Compounds formed from metals and nonmetals Consist of

A

Ions

43
Q

Making bonds examples

A

Involves atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons
It’s an exothermic process

44
Q

What is a compound

A

When elements react, atoms combine with other atoms

45
Q

Name a good example of an isotope

A

An element with a different number of neutrons such as carbon 12 carbon 13

46
Q

What is an element

A

That only contains atoms with the same number of protons

47
Q

What particle decides, what type of atom it is

A

Number of protons in the nucleus describes type of atom

48
Q

The mass number ?

A

Total number of protons plus neutrons

49
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons

50
Q

Radius of an atom

A

0.1 nm that is 1×10(-10)

51
Q

The difference between inter and intra molecular Force

A

Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule.
Intermolecular forces are forces that exist between molecules.

52
Q

What is the force that holds electrons in place

A

The electromagnetic force

Chemistry (17 decks)

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