Bond polarity and nucleophiles Flashcards
Halogenoalkanes have a polar bond between …………which is attacked by ………..
C-X (carbon and halogen)
nucleophile
Halogens are more electronegative then carbon so
which part is delta positive and which part is delta negative
they pull electron density towards them in a covalent bond which leads to a polar bond
delta positive carbon
delta negative halogen
Rules for nucleophile substitution
elecftrons do the attacking
identify charge density
show movement of electrons with full line (no half spins
use correct terminology
Why does the nucleophile attack the C-X (halogen -carbon) bond
unpaired electron pair on the nucleophile is attracted towards delta positive charge on carbon
As nucleophile approaches the polar bond what happens
Electrons in the C-X bond are repelled as the nucleophile approaches
What is the general symbol of nucleophiles
Nu-:(2 UNPAIRED ELECTRONS
When Nucleophile bonds to the carbon what happens
C-X (carbon halogen bond breaks
2 electrons move towards halogen forming halide ion WITH TWO UNPAIRED ELECTRONS
F:
halogen is substituted so this is nucleophile substitution
Nucleophile meaning
A nucleophile is a chemical species that can donate a pair of electrons to a different chemical species (generally to an electrophile) to form a chemical bond in a reaction. They are generally negatively charged or are neutral with a lone pair of electrons available for donation
substitution meaning
The substitution reaction is defined as a reaction in which the functional group of one chemical compound is substituted by another group or
it is a reaction which involves the replacement of one atom or a molecule of a compound with another atom or molecule.
Heterolytic fission:
process of breaking a covalent within a molecule leading to the formation of ions. Upon bond breaking, one atom receives the electron pair and becomes a negatively charged ion.
