Body Systems - 3.2 Breathing and Respiration [ARCHIVE] Flashcards
What is respiration?
The series of chemical changes that take place in cells to release energy.
What is breathing?
Breathing is the process by which the body takes in and lets out air for humans and many other animals.
What is the respiratory system and what does it do?
It is the system of organs and tissues that take air into the body and make the oxygen available to the cells.
What does your respiratory system allow?
Oxygen to pass into your bloodstream to be distributed to the cells for respiration.
What happens to air within the nasal cavity?
The air is warmed and moistened.
What are the hairs inside of your nostrils called and what do they do?
Cilia, and they help you filter large dust particles as the air passes through the cilia.
Where does mucus inside someones nose come from and what does it do?
Mucus comes from the glands in the skin lining the nose. Mucus helps cilia trap fine particles.
Where does the mucus and trapped particles in the nose move to?
They move to the back of the nose and into the pharynx. It is then swallowed.
Where does the warm, moist air pass down to?
Your trachea (windpipe).
What are the thin walls of the trachea reinforced with?
The thin walls of the trachea reinforced with rings of firm elastic material called cartilage.
(you can feel it at the front of your throat)
What does cartilage do?
Keeps your trachea from collapsing as you breathe in.
What does the trachea divide into?
2 bronchi (singular: bronchus) which divide and divide into even smaller tubes (brochioles).
What happens when the 2 bronchi divide into bronchioles?
It eventually ends in a cluster of sacs called alveoli (singular: alveolus) in the lungs.
What does the alveoli do?
Provides a very large surface area that allows gas to be easily exchanged between the lungs and blood stream.
How thick are the walls of the alveoli?
Only 1 cell thick and surrounded by tiny blood vessels called capillaries.
What happens to the oxygen in the moist surface of the alveoli?
It dissolves and moves by a process called diffusion across from the space inside an alveolus to the blood.
Once in the blood, where does the oxygen enter?
The red blood cells and the flow of the blood carries the oxygen to the cells where it is needed.
What makes the blood flowing from the lungs red?
The richness in oxygen.
What do the cells in the blood flowing in the lungs use oxygen for?
Releases energy from food, producing carbon dioxide as a waste that must be removed to prevent harm.
What does carbon dioxide do once in the body?
It moves from your cells into the blood and from your blood to the alveoli, where it mixes with the remaining air.
When does carbon dioxide leave the body?
When you exhale
What happens to the air in the alveoli when you breathe?
It is replaced
(note: Breathing is involuntary)
What happens to the other parts of the body when you breathe?
The muscles between your ribs contract. This pulls the rib cage up and out, while the diaphragm contracts and flattens.
(note: The opposite happens when you exhale)
When air is sucked in through the nose to fill up extra space, what does this cause?
The air pressure inside your lungs equal to the air pressure outside of the body.
How does respiration start?
It starts when oxygen and glucose combine in cells, producing carbon dioxide and water.
What is the chemical reaction for respiration as a word equation?
Oxygen + Glucose → Carbon dioxide + water + energy
When you consume more energy than needed, where do the excess nutrients that are converted to fat stored?
In a layer under your skin and around your internal organs
If you take in less energy in your food than required, what happens?
You burn fat stores and lose mass. If you lack extra mass, energy is drawn from muscles, weakening tissues like the heart.
How do you get more oxygen into your cells to breath more deeply and quickly?
You need to move oxygen faster through your body, which means strengthening your heart and breathing muscles.
