Body Systems 1-4 Overview Flashcards
To learn the first four parts of the body: which include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and digestive system
There are _____ basic body systems in animals that are responsible for different functions in animal bodies.
Eleven
Can you explain what the various body systems in animals exist to do?
They are there to help maintain homeostasis.
Define homeostasis.
It is the maintenance of the internal environment of an animal
What is the self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival
Homeostasis.
Due to variability in ________, there is a difference in ability to maintain homeostasis for various animals.
Body systems
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
Protection,
Sensation,
Communication, and
Thermoregulation
What are the layers of the integumentary system?
Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
What are the specializations of the integumentary system?
Cuticle, glands, setae, scales, feathers, hairs, pigments
In the integumentary system, the layer epidermis is _____
Always present,
Has an ectodermal origin
Is a type of epithelium tissue
In the integumentary system, the layer dermis is _____
Varies in presence,
Mesodermal Origin,
Is a connective tissue.
In the integumentary system, the layer hypodermis is _____
Varies in presence,
Mesodermal origin
Is a connective tissue
An epithelium hardened by salts, proteins or keratin is called ______
Cuticles
Glands do what exactly?
Secretes various chemicals
Sweat and milk are examples of ______?
Gland secretions
Define setae
Hair-like projections found in Phylum Annelida
Scales are ….
Folds of skin often with hard inner cores
Keratin appendages found only in birds, apart of the integumentary system
Feathers
Keratin appendages found only in mammals, apart of the integumentary system
Hair
Pigment types and associated colors
Melanin's--black/brown Xanthan's--yellow Carotenoids---red Cyanin--blue Leukins--white
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Structure–anchor for soft tissue, body shape
Motion–Structure on which muscles can act
Protection–Surrounds vital soft tissues
Physiological–Stores such elements like potassium
What are the forms of the skeletal system?
Endoskeleton (e.g. vertebrata) Exoskeleton (e.g. Arthropoda) Hydrostatic skeleton (e.g. Annelida)
Skeletal elements covered by soft tissue?
Endoskeleton (e.g. vertebrata)
Skeletal elements covering soft tissues?
Exoskeleton (e.g. Arthropoda)
Skeleton of fluid-filled sacs that maintain shape through turgor pressure?
Hydrostatic skeleton (e.g. Annelida)
Muscular systems functions are _____?
Contraction, movement, and generation of heat
What is the by-production of contraction?
The generation of heat
By pulling structures together, ______ provide motion needed for most body functions.
Muscles
Only pull, never push
Muscles
The forms of a muscular system are ______?
Skeletal muscles, which are distinct light and dark bands Cardiac muscle (e.g. heart) Smooth muscles (e.g. guts, arteries, intestines)
STUDY PAGE 65 FOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES (IMAGES)
STUDY PAGE 65 FOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES (IMAGES)
What are the functions for the digestive system?
Food procurement Mechanical/physical breakdown Chemical breakdown Absorption Additional processing
What are the forms of the digestive system?
Complete (through) gut
Incomplete (blind) gut
A digestive system with both mouth and anus
Complete gut (e.g. Vertebrata)
A digestive system with only one opening
Incomplete gut
Basic feeding type that captures drifting particles with a mechanism like a net.
Filter/Suspension feeding
Define detritivore feeding
Organics and inorganics are ingested, organics are removed, and poop is clean of food supply
Heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces is what type of feeding mechanism?
Detritivore/deisot feeding
Differences between herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore?
A herbivore eats a plant diet (like leaves, seeds, grains), a carnivore eats an animal based diet, while the omnivore eats both
What is a parasite?
A species that uses another species for food
What eats rotting material, like maggots?
Saprozoite
Saprozoite definition
Any organism that absorbs soluble organic nutrients from inanimate sources
Autotrophs eat?
Sunlight
What are the mechanical breakdown aspects of the digestive system?
To break down larger food items into smaller pieces to enhance chemical digestion
Does NOT break down chemical bonds
What digestive system process uses enzymes to break down large molecules into smaller ones?
Chemical breakdown
What is absorption mean in the digestive system?
The transport of small molecules from gut to other tissues
An additional process of the digestive system would be?
The filtration of molecules to remove toxins.
