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Dermatology Diploma > Body Parts Connected to the Skin > Flashcards

Body Parts Connected to the Skin Flashcards

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1
Q

How many telangiectasia on the body are considered to be pathological?

A

More than 5

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2
Q

If you see multiple Telangiectasia around the mouth, what condition should you consider?

A

Osler Weber Rendu

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3
Q

In what conditions do multiple telangiectasia appear?

A
  • Liver disease
  • Rheuamtoid Arthritis
  • Pregnancy
  • Various Drugs (COCP)
  • Post Radiation
  • Connective Tissue Disease (Systemic Sclerosis)
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4
Q

What are some viral causes of oral lesions?

A
  • Herpes Simplex 1 & 2 - grouped vesicles.
    • Gingivostomatitis
  • Chicken pox
  • Measles - Koplik spots
  • Coxsackie Viruses - mouth ulcers - herpangina
  • Hand Foot and Mouth - greyish mouth ulcers.
      • fever, lymphadenopathy and malise
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5
Q

This child had a sore mouth, bad breath, pain on swallowing and swollen gums.

What is this?

A

Gingivostomatitis due to HSV

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6
Q

What is this?

A

Herpangina

Usually due to coxackie virus.

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7
Q

What are these?

A

Koplik Spots

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8
Q

What is this and what are some causes of it?

A

Cheilitis

  • Atopic eczema
  • Irritant dermatitis (usually from saliva)
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Nutritional deficiencies (especially Vit C and Zinc deficiency)
  • Drug-induced cheilitis
  • Angular cheilitis
  • Actinic cheilitis
  • Granulomatous cheilitis
  • Trauma
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9
Q

In younger patients, what is the main cause of angular cheilitis?

A

Irritant contac with saliva or licking of lips

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10
Q

In older patients, what is the main cause of angular cheilitis?

A

Poorly fitting dentures.

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11
Q

If a patient has angular cheilitis, what should also be considered?

A

Secondary infection with Staph or candida.

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12
Q

What nutritional deficiencies can cause angular cheilitis?

A

Vitamin C and Zinc

(Most commonly caused by alcoholism and eating disorders)

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13
Q

What is the treatment for angular cheilitis?

A
  1. Mild to moderate topical steroid +/- antibiotic/ antifungal.
  2. Once resolved, give soft white paraffin to maintain control.
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14
Q

What are the 2 main causes of contact dermatitis on the lips?

A
  1. Agents put directly on the lips (lipstick, mouthwashes)
  2. Agents transferred to the lips fom the hands (e.g nail varnish)
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15
Q

What is this and what is the management for this?

A

Acitinic Cheilitis

  • Ablative therapy -e.g. cryotherapy; curettage and cautery; shave cautery
  • Topical agents -e.g. 5-fluorouracil (Efudix) or Imiquimod cream (Aldara)
  • Daily use of a high factor sunscreen for the lips
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16
Q

What is this and what is the treatment?

A

SCC of the lip

Excision.

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17
Q

This patient has Granulomatous Cheilitis.

What diseases is it associated with?

What investigations should be done?

A
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Chronic Contact Dermatitis due to dental materials such as cinnamates.

Investigations

  • Biopsy
  • Chest X-Ray
  • Bowel investigations for crohns
  • Patch Testing.
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18
Q

What syndrome can granulomatous cheilitis be associated with?

A

Melkerson-Rosenthal Syndrome

  • Tongue swelling (Scrotal tongue)
  • Recurrent facial palsy

Usually idiopathic or associated with the aforementioned conditions on the other card.

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Granulomatous Cheilitis?

A
  • Topical steroids (usually moderately potent is enough)
  • Intralesional steroids (be careful of skin atrophy)
  • Oral immunomodulatory drugs (rarely needed)
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20
Q

What is the treatment for an apthous ulcer?

A
  • Hydrocortisone buccal tablets.
  • Chlorhexidine mouthwash.
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21
Q

What rare conditions can cause oral ulcers to form?

A
  • Behçet’s disease
  • Drugs
  • Irradiation
  • Blistering disorders
  • Systemic diseases (Crohn’s disease)
  • Metabolic deficiency diseases (vitamin C deficiency i.e. scurvy, zinc deficiency)
  • connective tissue disorders (e.g. SLE)
  • HIV
  • Other viral illnesses.
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22
Q

What is the treatment approach to apthous ulcers?

A
  • Exclude systemic disease - 10% of Crohn’s patients have recurrent apthous ulcers.
  • Exclude infection - herpes etc.
  • Advice good oral hygeine
  • Symptomatic treatment - hydrocortisone buccal tablets and chlorhexidine mouthwash.
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23
Q

What are the features of Behcet’s Syndrome?

A

Triad of:

  1. Recurrent oral ulcers
  2. Genital ulcers
  3. Uveitis
  • Other features include: arthropathy, meningo-encephalitis, colitis, neuropathies, vasculitis.
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24
Q

What test is indicative of Behcet’s disease?

A

Pathergy test - pustules at the site of venepuncture.

25
Q

What are the causes of Behcet’s Disease?

A
  • It is generally not known.
  • Genetic link to HLA B51
  • Correlated with Streptococcal infection
  • Considered an auto-inflammatory disorder.
26
Q

What ethnic group is Behcet’s disease more common in?

A

Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern.

27
Q

What is the management of Behcet’s Disease?

A
  • Apthous Ulcers - treat.
  • Resistant disease - consider Prednisolone, Colchicine, Dapsone, Sulfasalazine.
28
Q

Which of the two will affect the oral mucosa?

Bullous Pemphigoid or Pemphigus Vulgaris?

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

29
Q

What is this?

What malignancy is it associated with?

A
  • Paraneoplastic pemphigus - severe and painful oral ulcerations of the lips and lateral borders of the tongue.
  • Associated with B Cell Lymphoproliferative disorders.
30
Q

What condition is this?

A

Oral Lichen Planus

31
Q

What % of patients with generalised LP have intraoral LP?

A

1-2%

32
Q

Oral Lichen Planus is usually a clinical diagnosis. But what can be done if you are unsure?

A

A biopsy

33
Q

What is the treatment for oral lichen planus?

A

Same as aphthous ulcers.

34
Q

What is a potential problem for people with oral lichen planus?

A

1-5% will develop oral LP

(It is more common with the erosive form)

35
Q

What are some causes of gingival hyperplasia?

A
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Pregnancy
  • Scurvy
  • Drugs
    • Phenytoin
    • Cyclosporin
    • Nifedipine
  • Myeloma.
36
Q

What is perifolicular hyperplasia associated with?

A

Scurvy

37
Q

How is atopic or contact exczema of the eyelids treated?

A
  • Mild topical steroids.
  • Pimecrolimus or Tacrolimus can also be used.
38
Q

What conditions cause thinnning of the eybrows?

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Foolicular mucinosis
  • Secondary Syphilis
  • Leprosy
39
Q

What conditions can cause loss of the eyebrows?

A
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis
  • Discoid lupus erythematosus
40
Q

What can cause periorbital swelling?

A
  • Local
    • Eyelid infections
    • Contact dermatitis
    • Orbital tumours
    • Chalazion (granulomatous reaction in a Meibomian gland).
  • Systemic
    • Angio-oedema
    • Dermatomyositis
    • Renal disease
    • Cardiac failure
    • Thyroid disease
    • Superior vena caval syndrome
    • Bacterial, viral or parasitic/protozoal infections.
41
Q

What is this?

A

Syringiomas

(A Form of benign lesion)

42
Q

What are these?

A

Milia

43
Q

What is the most common form of cancer around the eye?

A

BCC

(70% of malignant eyelid tumours are BCCs)

44
Q

What are some postoperative problems of BCC eyelid surgery?

A
  • Tear flow problems
  • Recurrent infections
  • Local Reocurrence of the tumour is common.
45
Q

What is this?

A

Sebaceous carcinoma of the lower eyelid.

it can mimic a chalazion.

46
Q

What is this?

A

BCC of the lower eyelid

47
Q

Bleparitis is associated with what condition?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

48
Q

90% of oral cancers are what type of cancer?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinomas

49
Q

What oral areas are most commonly affected?

A

The Lips (30%)

The Tongue (25%)

50
Q

How do intra-oral neoplasia usually present?

A
  • Persistent erythroplasia
  • Persistent ulceration especially with fissuring or raised margins
  • Persistent lump
  • Fixed induration
  • Leukoplakia
  • Unexplained local lymphadenopathy.
51
Q

What are the causes of intra-oral neoplasia?

A
  • Smoking
  • Chewing tobacco
  • Alcohol
  • Poor oral hygeine.
  • Chronic inflammation from Lichen planus
  • Rare: Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
52
Q

What is this and what should you do?

A

This is leukoplakia. It needs to be biopsied.

53
Q

What is this?

A

Oral hairy leukoplakia

  • Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
  • Common in HIV patients if poorly controlled.
54
Q

What is this?

A

Chondrodermatitis nodularis Helicis

55
Q

Who is CNH (Condrodermatitis nodularis helicis) more common in?

A

Middle-aged or elderly patients

56
Q

What causes CNH/

A

It is a form of pressure sore

It is commonly misdiagnosed as a BCC, SCC or SK.

57
Q

What are the treatment options for CNH?

A
  • Topical steroids
  • Cryotherapy
  • Excision of the nodule and a portion of the inflammed cartilage.
58
Q

What can commonly cause contact dermatitis in the ear?

A
  • Hair products
  • Plastic or rubber ear appliances
  • Objects used to blean the ear (hairpins, matches)
  • Topical medication
    • Neomycin
    • Propylene glycol.

Dermatology Diploma (39 decks)

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