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OCR Psychology > Bocchiaro (2012) > Flashcards

Bocchiaro (2012) Flashcards

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1
Q

Background of the study

A

-Milgrams study has given us some knowledge on obedience
-Little research into disobedience to unjust authority and reporting wrongdoing to higher authorities

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2
Q

Define whistleblowing

A

A whistleblower is a person, often an employee, who reveals information about activity within a private or public organisation that is deemed illegal, immoral, illicit, unsafe or fraudulent

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3
Q

Aims

A

-Aimed to plug gaps in prior research. Researches wanted to create a situation that gave them the options of obeying, disobeying or whistleblowing.
-They had to follow ethical guidelines, but wanted to create an engaging and ecologically valid situation

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4
Q

Sample

A

-Self-selecting
-149 undergraduate students from VU University in Amsterdam
-96f, 53m, mean age of 20.8
-Recruited by flyers in campus cafeteria offering either €7 or course credit

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5
Q

Procedure

A
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6
Q

What are the three things participants could have done?

A

-Obey and write the statement
-Disobey and refuse to write the statement
-Whistle-blow by ticking the ethics committee form and posting it

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7
Q

Findings/conclusions

A

-76.5% obeyed
-14.1% disobeyed
-9.4% were whistle-blowers

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8
Q

What two personality inventories did Bocchiaro have participants complete?

A

-HEXACO
-Social Value Orientation (SVO)

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9
Q

HEXACO

A

-Measures the six major dimensions of personality
- Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience

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10
Q

Social Value Orientation (SVO)

A

-Measures preferences for patterns of outcome for oneself/others
-Prosocial orientation, Individualistic orientation, or Competitive orientation

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11
Q

Why did he have participants complete these personality inventories?

A

Too see if any specific traits linked to whistleblowing

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12
Q

Define open whistleblower

A

-Refuses to write the statement encouraging people to participate in the study and reports the study
-Open about their disapproval

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13
Q

Define closed whistleblower

A

-Reports the study but still writes the statement
-Secretive about their disapproval

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14
Q

How was sampling bias an issue for the study?

A

-Only done on students so limited age/occupation
-Ethnocentric as only done in Amsterdam, NE
-Self-selecting so participants may already be more likely to obey
-However good gender split

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15
Q

Comment on the construct validity of the study

A

-People may not have actually opposed the sensory deprivation study, which is why they didn’t report it
-May have wanted it to be conducted/suggested names of people they didn’t like to take part

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16
Q

Comment on the ecological validity of the study

A

-Bocchiaro said the situation students were put in was realistic
-Suggesting other pupils for another study

17
Q

Comment on the population validity of the study

A

-Both male and female students used
-But on average they were quite young

18
Q

Comment on the internal reliability of the study

A

-Standardised procedure so study can be easily replicated
-Time given to write the statement, cover story

19
Q

Comment on the external reliability of the study

A

There were 149 students, which is enough to establish a consistent effect

20
Q

Link the study to the individual-situational explanations debate

A

-Situational
-The presence of a perceived legitimate authority figure led them to obey
-Suggested that if they comply they may earn more money in the future

21
Q

Give two similarities between the studies by Milgram and Bocchiaro

A

-Participants were paid to take part
-Both studies took place in university settings

22
Q

Explain the similarity ‘participants were paid to take part’

A

-Milgram-participants were paid $4.50
-Bocchiaro-participants were paid €7

23
Q

Explain the similarity ‘both studies took place in university settings’

A

-Milgram-the study took place at Yale University, New Haven
-Bocchiaro-the study took place at VU University Amsterdam

24
Q

Give two differences between the studies by Milgram and Bocchiaro

A

-Studies were conducted in different places
-The gender mix of participants

25
Q

Explain the difference ‘studies were conducted in different places’

A

-Milgram-took place in New Haven, USA (connecticut)
-Bocchiaro-took place in Amsterdam, Netherlands

26
Q

Explain the difference ‘the gender mix of participants’

A

-Milgram-all 40 participants were male
-Bocchiaro-96 female participants, 53 male participants

27
Q

How has Bocchiaros study changed our understanding of the key theme ‘responses to people in authority’

A

Tells us that people are just as obedient in the Netherlands as they are in the USA

28
Q

How hasn’t Bocchiaros study changed our understanding of the key theme ‘responses to people in authority’

A

Hasn’t told us anything new as results are similar and show most people are obedient

29
Q

How has the study changed our understanding of individual diversity?

A

Investigated the role of personality characteristics (eg faith) on obedience and whistleblowing

30
Q

How hasn’t the study changed our understanding of individual diversity?

A

There weren’t any significant findings other than faith

31
Q

How has the study changed our understanding of social diversity?

A

It investigated both males and females

32
Q

How hasn’t the study changed our understanding of social diversity?

A

The study found very similar results across males and females

33
Q

How has the study changed our understanding of cultural diversity?

A

It was carried out in the netherlands rather than the USA

34
Q

How hasn’t the study changed our understanding of cultural diversity?

A

Both studies produced very similar results

OCR Psychology (35 decks)

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