BM: Carbohydrates Flashcards
Why is life based on carbon?
Carbon readily forms bonds with other carbons.
This allows sequences of carbon to build up, forming ‘backbones’ upon which other molecules can attach.
Carbon-containing molecules are known as what?
Organic molecules.
What is a monomer?
A small, basic molecular unit.
A small, basic molecular unit, is also known as what?
A monomer.
Give examples of monomers?
Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides.
Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides are all examples of what?
Monomers.
What do all organisms on Earth contain?
A few carbon-based compounds that interact in similar ways.
What are polymers?
Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together.
What elements do all carbohydrates contain?
C, H and O.
What monomers are carbohydrates composed of?
Monosaccharides.
Give general properties of monosaccharides:
- Sweet- tasting
- Soluble
What is the general formula of monosaccharides?
‘n’ can be any number from 3 to 7.
Give examples of monosaccharides:
Glucose, fructose and galactose.
What is glucose?
A hexose sugar.
A monosaccharide with six carbon atoms in each molecule.
What are the two types of glucose?
Alpha - α
Beta - β
What are isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula as each other, but with atoms connected in different ways.
α - glucose and β - glucose are examples of what?
Glucose isomers.
Draw the structure of α - glucose:
Draw the structure of β - glucose:
What is a condensation reaction?
When two molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond and the release of a water molecule.
What is released when a glycosidic bond is formed?
A molecule of water.
How are monosaccharides joined?
Through condensation reactions.
What type of bond joins monosaccharides?
A glycosidic bond.
Give examples of disaccharides:
- Maltose
- Sucrose
- Lactose
How is the disaccharide maltose formed?
Two α - glucose molecules joined together via a condensation reaction.
How is a the disaccharide sucrose formed?
Via a condensation reaction between a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.