Bloods ect. Flashcards
Avian blood volume
Safe to take 1% or BW
Base deficit
0.3 or 0.4 x BW x Deficit
Blood lactate
Reflects anaerobic metabolism. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and is also converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions.
Bloods of cat with upper GI obstruction
Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
Chediak-Higaski Syndrome
type of thrombocytopathy
Chylothorax
triglyceride content higher in effusion than that of serum. Presence of chylomicrons, cholesterol content greater than or equal to serum, and a positive ether clearance test are also supportive of chylothorax
Circulating life span of cat red blood cell
68-70 Days
Circulating life span of cow red blood cell
160 days
Circulating life span of dog platelet cell
5-7 days
Circulating life span of dog red blood cell
110 Days
Circulating life span of dog white blood cell
5-9 hours
Circulating life span of horse red blood cell
145
Circulating life span of human red blood cell
120 Days
Circulating life span of pig red blood cell
86
Circulating life span of sheep red blood cell
150
Cyclic hematopeiesis
type of thrombocytopathy
Delta-granule
type of thrombocytopathy
End point of Warfarin Therapy
Prothrombin time of 1.5-2x normal
Heinz body anemia
Schistocytes - shear injury - ex. ruptured splenic mass
Hemophilia A
Affect animals usually have less than 10% of Factor VIII and have prolonged ACT and APTT. The disease commonly affects dogs and cats and mostly only males, since it is an X-linked recessive trait. Females with the gene for the disease are usually unaffected carriers unless they were the offspring of an affected male and a carrier female. Treatment of choice to stop a bleeding event is fresh plasma or frozen plasma.
high HCO3
metabolic alkalosis
high PaCO2
respiratory acidosis or hypoventialtion
high-dose dexamethasone suppression test
used when the patient has been confirmed with Cushing’s disease by means of the low dose test, but the low dose test has not clearly differentiated the type of Cushing’s disease that is present.
A reduction in cortisol levels at 4 and/or 8 hours after either dose of dexamethasone, then we have diagnosed pituitary origin Cushing’s disease. If the levels don’t budge from the high values of the pre-injection sample, then the diagnosis is adrenal origin.
Hyperadrenocorticism
low BUN secondary to increased diuresis that occurs with elevated cortisol levels. ALT increase due to swelling hepatocytes. SAP increases due to a steroid induced isoenzyme of SAP from the liver. Mild cholestasis due to swelling of hepatocytes also contributes to minor part of the increase in SAP. Cholesterol is elevated in up to 90% of hyperadrenocorticism cases.
Hypovalemic
normal CVP is 0-10 cmH2O, -5 to 5 is considered hypovolemic
Llama
oval erythrocytes
low HCO3
metabolic acidosis
low PaCO2
respiratory alkalosis or hyperventilation
low-dose dexamethasone suppression test
used to screen for the presence of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease) and in many cases, it will differentiate the type of Cushing’s disease that is present
P2Y12 Receptor Mutations
type of thrombocytopathy
pH
indicates primary acidemia and alkalemia
Scott Syndrome
type of thrombocytopathy
septic peritoneal effusion
concentration difference >20 mg/dL between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentration (peritoneal fluid being less than blood)
Storage Pool Disease
type of thrombocytopathy
Stress leukogram
Mild neutrophilia along with lymphopenia and monocytosis.
Test for selenium deficiency
Glutathione peroxidase: activity of this enzyme is very low in selenium-deficient animals resulting in free radical damage.
Thrombocytopathia
type of thrombocytopathy
Type 1 Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia
type of thrombocytopathy
Von Willebrands
Genetic in Doberman Pinchers
pre-treat with desmopressin for operations
Hypoadrenocorticism
Classic laboratory finding includes hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, anemia, acidosis, hypoglycemia, and of course a low resting cortisol level or low ACTH stimulation test result.
Pulmonary thromboembolism in SA
commonly caused by heartworm disease
Circulating life span of avian red blood cell
28-45 days
Extrahepatic biliary obstruction
A decrease in bile will result in less absorption of Vitamin K which results in decrease availability of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. To detect the abnormality, a prothrombin times (PT) may be recommended as factor VII has the shortest half-life and PT will thus be prolonged.
Template Bleeding Time (TBT)
test that determines the functional ability of platelets to plug a minute wound
Buccal mucosal bleeding test
test that determines the functional ability of platelets to plug a minute wound
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
determine if there are deficiencies int he coagulation factors and no not assess platelet function
Prothrombin Time (PT)
determine if there are deficiencies int he coagulation factors and no not assess platelet function
Antithrombin activity
Sometimes measured when DIC is a concern but is not used to evaluate platelet function
Major cross match in Cat
donor red blood cells vs. recipient plasma
Minor cross match
donor plasma vs. recipient cells
Uroperitoneum in foal electrolyte imbalances
Hyperkalemia, Hyponatremia, Hypochloremia
