Avian Pathogens

Question 1

Avian encephalomyelitis prevention

Answer 1

vaccinate breeding animals at 10-15 weeks

Question 2

Bartonella

Answer 2

bird, respiratory infection causing head shaking, sneezing, and rhinitis

Question 3

Budgerigar feathers blue to brown

Answer 3

sertoli cell tumour

Question 4

Cervical air sac rupture

Answer 4

rupture usually from a traumatic incident, air escapes from the air sacs and fill the subcutaneous space resulting in swelling of the neck.

Question 5

Chlamydiosis in bird

Answer 5

respiratory infection causing head shaking, sneezing, and rhinitis

Question 6

Chronic egg laying in cockatiel

Answer 6

Treat with Leuprolide acetate (Lupron) - gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) analog and will shut down the production of reproductive hormones in birds, thus, will often stop ovulation in the layer hen. Female bird are capable of producing eggs (infertile) without the presence of a male, just as chickens do.

Question 7

cutaneous xanthomatosis

Answer 7

discrete masses or diffuse, thickened areas of skin that are yellow-orange and dimpled in appearance. They are accumulations of fat and cholesterol and are most commonly found in cockatiels and budgies (and they are more often found in females)

Question 8

Diabetes mellitus in Amazon parrot

Answer 8

Birds with diabetes mellitus have clinical signs and blood results similar to other animals including hyperglycemia, glucosuria and increased thirst and urine production. This is not an uncommon disease in captive birds and is likely due to poor diet, lack of exercise, poor condition and obesity. Treatment options include insulin injections and oral medication such as glipizide.

Question 9

Hemochromatosis in tucans and mynals birds

Answer 9

poor feathering, overgrown beak, elevated liver enzymes and bile acids

Question 10

Hemoproteus

Answer 10

intracellular (intraerythrocytic) parasite of birds

Question 11

Intraosseous catheter

Answer 11

ulna

Question 12

Iodine deficiency in Budgerigar

Answer 12

Results in goiter. Clinical signs of voice change and regurgitation, and a gross enlargement in the neck region that palpates like a soft tissue.

Question 13

Leukocytozoon

Answer 13

intracellular parasite of birds, found in white blood cells

Question 14

Liver-specific blood tests in psittacine and other birds

Answer 14

Bile acids and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Question 15

Mycoplasmas in birds

Answer 15

respiratory infection causing head shaking, sneezing, and rhinitis

Question 16

Normal cytology of feces from an adult psittacine bird

Answer 16

75% gram positive cocci

Question 17

Oral Candidiasis in bird treatment

Answer 17

treat with fluconazole

Question 18

Plasmodium

Answer 18

intracellular (intraerythrocytic) parasite of birds

Question 19

Polyoma virus infection

Answer 19

delayed feathering, diarrhea, gastrointestinal stasis, ascites, and death.

Question 20

Proventricular Dilation Disease

Answer 20

In Macaw

Question 21

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease diagnosis

Answer 21

PCR probe of whole blood for circovirus DNA

Question 22

Psittacosis treatment

Answer 22

Doxycylin

Question 23

Staph dermatitis in Cockatoo treatment

Answer 23

Amoxicillin

Question 24

Sternostoma tracheacolun

Answer 24

air sac mites - diagnosis via tracheal tranillumination

Question 25

Xanthoma in cockatoo

Answer 25

benign growth composed of lipids and cholesterol accumulation

Question 26

Synsacrum

Answer 26

the fused lumbosacral region in birds

Question 27

Calcium deficiency

Answer 27

In Afric Grey Parrot fed an all seed diet develops seizures. Hypocalcemia syndrome is common in African Greys: clinical signs are tremors and seizures.

Question 28

West Nile Virus

Answer 28

Should be vaccinated (off-label) for WNV and should be kept in a mosquito free area