Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASCP Blood Bank > Blood Collection and Processing > Flashcards

Blood Collection and Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Is whole blood transfusion used often? When is it used?

A

Not often due to the availability of blood components which are usually a better choice for blood transfusions.

Whole blood is transfused in cases of SEVERE SHOCK and BLOOD LOSS (blood loss >25% of blood volume).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage hematocrit of packed red blood cells indicates sufficient plasma removal from the unit?

A

> 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1 unit of packed red blood cells raises hemoglobin by how much?

A

1 gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1 unit of packed red blood cells raises hematocrit by how much?

A

3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to plasma in packed red blood cells during prolonged storage?

A

Increased NH4 and K+ due to hemoylsis

Decreased pH (due to increase lactic acid leakage) and sodium (plasma becomes diluted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can a unit of red blood cells be returned for use if it was transported in 11C container with the seal undisturbed?

A

NO. Has to be 1-10C transportation and seal undisturbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can a unit of red blood cells be reissued if it was transported in 1-10C but the seal is broken (open unit)?

A

NO.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why would a CLS want to wash red blood cells with saline?

A

To prevent allergic responses to plasma proteins and anaphylactic shock in IgA deficient patients who can create anti-IgA.
(If blood gets transfused to this IgA deficient pt, they can get a reaction from the donor blood that contains normal plasma IgA.)

It also removes anti-HPA-1a from maternal blood
Removes complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the expiration of washed red blood cells?

A

24 hours because the seal has been open (open unit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should the hemoglobin value be in apheresis RBCs?

A

> 60g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the concentration of leukocytes in leukoreduced apheresis RBCs?

A

< 5x10^6 leukocytes per unit with final hgb of > 51g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does reducing leukocytes in red blood cells do? (Leukocyte-reduced red cells/leukoreduced red cells)

A

Reduces leukocytes to < 5 x 10^6 to prevent febrile nonhemolytic rxns, HLA alloimmunization and transmission of CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do leukocytes/WBCs cause febrile nonhemolytic reactions?

A

The presence of cytokines released from white cells or alloimmunization to HLA or leukocyte antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Expiration: Frozen cells

A

10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What % of glycerol is used to protect frozen cells in ultra low temperatures?

A

40% glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What temperature must frozen cells be thawed at?

A

37C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What temperature are frozen cells stored at?

A

< or equal to -65C

If you remove glycerol and wash the cells, store at 1-6C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why would you want to freeze cells?

A

Usually used to store rare cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

All red blood cell-type units (packed, adenine/saline added, washed, leuko-reduced, irradiated) with the exception of frozen cells, are stored at what temperature??

A

1-6C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common type of RBC unit used?

A

RBCs adenine, saline added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the shelf-life/expiration of RBCs with CPDA-1 additive?

A

35 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the shelf life of RBCs adenine, saline added?

A

42 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Once a seal has been broken on a unit of red cells, what is its shelf life?

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does irradiating blood and components do?

A

Prevents Graft vs Host disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who would benefit from irradiated blood components?

A

Anyone at risk for graft versus host disease
A fetus receiving intrauterine transfusion
Donor is blood relative or recipient
Donor is HLA matched
Congenital immunodeficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does irradiation do at the cellular level?

A

Inactivates donor T-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the shelf life of irradiated RBCs?

A

Original expiration or 28 days from irradiation, whichever comes first

28
Q

How is Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) prepared?

A

Centrifuge whole blood, separate plasma from cells. Freeze plasma within 8 hours of collection.

29
Q

Expiration of FFP after initial freeze and after thawed?

A

1 year if stored at or equal to <-18C

once thawed, 24 hours

30
Q

Does FFP have to be ABO compatible or identical with its recipient?

A

ABO compatible is ok

31
Q

What is FFP used for?

A

Multiple coagulation deficiencies

Factor XI deficiency

32
Q

Who should FFP never be collected from and why?

A

FFP should never be collected from pregnant females or females who have been pregnant to prevent TRALI.
It is collected from males and never-pregnant females.

33
Q

What is the abbreviation for plasma frozen within 24 hours of phlebotemy?

A

PF24

34
Q

How is cryoprecipitate prepared?

A

Prepared by thawing FFP at 1-6C, removing the plasma portion and refreezing it at -18C within 1 hr

35
Q

How much fibrinogen must a bag of cryoprecipitate contain?

A

> or equal to 150 mg of fibrinogen

36
Q

How much Factor VIII (8) must a bag of cryoprecipitate contain?

A

> or equal to 80 IU of Factor 8

37
Q

What factors does cryoprecipitate contain?

A

Fibrinogen
Factor VIII (8)
vWF
Ristocetin cofactor activity

38
Q

Storage temperature for Cryoprecipitate?

A

-18C

39
Q

Shelf life of frozen cryoprecipitate?

A

1 year from date of phlebotomy

40
Q

Shelf life of cryoprecipitate after thawed?

A

Must transfuse within 6 hours of thawing

4 hrs after pooling in an open system
6 hours after pooling in a closed system

41
Q

What is cryoprecipitate used for?

A

To replace fibrinogen loss due to DIC
Massive bleeding
Dysfibrinogenemia with active bleeding

42
Q

Recombinant Factor VIII concentrate is given to who?

A

People with severe to moderate Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease

43
Q

What would you give to a person who has severe/moderate Hemophilia A versus a person with mild Hemophilia A and type 1 vWD?

A

Severe/moderate Hemophilia A: Recombinant Factor VIII concentrate
Mild hemophilia A/Type1 vWD: DDAVP

44
Q

What concentrate can be given to treat someone with Hemophilia B?

A

Recombinant Factor IX (9)

Prothrombin Complex Concentrates

45
Q

What do Prothrombin complex concentrates contain?

A

Vitamin-K dependent factors: II, VII, IX, X

Giving this may increase risk of thrombosis

46
Q

A patient gets into a car accident and is bleeding. She has mild von Willebrand disease. What blood component should be given?

A

DDAVP - used for ppl with mild hemophilia A or type 1 vWD.

47
Q

What does DDAVP do?

A

increases circulating Factor VIII and vWF.

48
Q

How are platelets prepared?

A

Whole blood is centrifuged at a light spin first to remove RBCs
Followed by a heavy spin to spin down platelets and WBCs

Supernatant plasma is expressed into another bag for freezing (FFP)

Remaining plasma, platelets, and WBCs = platelets

49
Q

When would platelets be given?

A

Severe thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction

50
Q

When should platelets not be used? (contraindicated)

A

TTP and HIT

51
Q

What is platelet refractoriness?

A

Lack of expected platelet response even after platelet transfusion due to antibodies to HLA class I antigens or platelets specific antigens

52
Q

One unit of platelets raises platelet count by how much?

A

5000 - 10,000 platelets/ul

53
Q

One unit of apheresis platelets raises platelet count by how much?

A

20,000 - 60,000 platelets/ul

54
Q

Platelets are stored at what temperature?

A

20-24C with gentle agitation

55
Q

Expiration of platelets?

A

5 days

56
Q

What should the pH of platelets be?

A

> or equal to 6.2

Stored in vol of plasma necessary to maintain pH, usually about 40-70 cc

57
Q

What concentration of platelets should be in one unit?

A

> or equal to 5.5 x 10^10 platelets/unit

58
Q

What blood component must have a method to detect and limit bacterial contamination?

A

Platelets. More at risk for bacterial contamination due to storage at RT

59
Q

If an Rh negative woman of child bearing age has received D+ platelets, why might you consider giving RhIg?

A

Platelets might contain residual RBCs; might become sensitized

60
Q

How are granulocytes obtained/prepared for blood transfusion?

A

They are collected from apheresis

61
Q

When would granulocytes be transfused?

A

For neutropenic patients with documented gram negative sepsis who have not responded to antibiotics

62
Q

Why is giving granulocytes risky?

A

Can transmit CMV, induce HLA immunization, cause graft versus host disease if not irradiated

63
Q

What temperature are granulocytes stored at?

A

20-24C

64
Q

Expiration of granulocytes?

A

24 hours, but should be transfused ASAP

65
Q

Why would recombinant factor VII (7a) be a better choice for a patient with Hemophilia A with inhibitors than Factor VIII (8) concentrate?

A

Factor 7a would bypass Factor 8 and activate Factor 10 to achieve hemostasis.

If factor 8 were used, it would be neutralized by the inhibitor and pt would still be bleeding!!

66
Q

If a patient has hemophilia A with inhibitor, what blood component would you use?

A

Factor 7a

ASCP Blood Bank (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions