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Blood Bank Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Antibodies that commonly cause hemolysis

A

α-Le, α-P

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2
Q

Antibodies that commonly cause mixed-field reactions

A

α-Lu, α-Sd

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3
Q

Antibodies you don’t have to rule out

A

Cw, V, Kpa, Jsa, Xga, Lua

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4
Q

What antibodies require two homozygous rule-outs?

A

Kidd Group (Jka and Jkb)

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5
Q

95% Confidence in rule-outs/ins requires

A

3 antigen pos that all agglutinate, 3 antigen neg that all do not agglutinate

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6
Q

Antigen negative units are not usually required for

A

α- M, N, P1, Lea, Leb, Lua

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7
Q

How many bags do you need to pull? (Formula)

A

Units required / % of Compatible Units

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8
Q

α-A1 Lectin is from

A

Dolichos biflorus

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9
Q

α-H Lectin is from

A

Ulex europaeus

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10
Q

α-N Lectin is from

A

Vicia graminea

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11
Q

α-Tn Lectin is from

A

Salvia sclarea

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12
Q

What can be the result of two cell populations in a patient (such as after a transfusion)?

A

Mixed Field reaction

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13
Q

Enzyme Treatment Enhances

A

Rh, Kidd, Lewis, P, I

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14
Q

Enzyme Treatment Destroys

A

MN Group, Duffy

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15
Q

Common Enzyme Treatments

A
  • Ficin
  • Papain
  • Bromelin
  • Trypsin
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16
Q

Temperature Elution Techniques

A
  • Landsteiner Heat Elution
  • Lui Freeze-Thaw Elution
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17
Q

Adsorption Techniques can help to

A

Remove auto-antibodies and reveal hidden allo-antibodies

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18
Q

REST Adsorption

A

Helps remove α-I, α-IH, and α-H (Great to deal with cold auto)

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19
Q

Neutralization Techniques

A

Soluble Antigen (Reagent) + Patient Serum Containing Antibody, neutralizes antibody by occupying binding site

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20
Q

P1 Substance comes from

A

Hydatid Cysts and Pigeon Eggs

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21
Q

Lewis, Chido, Rogers Substances come from

A

Plasma/Serum

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22
Q

Sda Substance comes from

A

Urine

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23
Q

Dithiothreitol (DDT) Reagent

A

Inactivates Kell antigen and denatures IgM

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24
Q

ZZAP Reagent

A

Inactivates Kell, MN Group, and Duffy Antigens
- Removes sensitized antibody and treats RBCs

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25
Q

Chloroquine Diphosphate (CDP) Reagent

A

Inactivates Bg and weakens Rh antigens

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26
Q

Aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET) Reagent

A

Inactivates Yta, Lub, Kell antigens

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27
Q

Consider multiple antibodies if

A
  • Pattern doesn’t fit a just one antibody
  • Variation is reaction strengths
  • Reactions in different phases (IS vs AHG)
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28
Q

Patient Antigen Typing

A

Final step in antibody ID process, if patient has antigen, they “can’t” make the antibody

29
Q

Diego Blood Group

A
  • Co-dominant (Dia/Dib and Wra/Wrb)
  • IgG
30
Q

Cartwright Blood Group

A
  • Yta (HF) and Ytb
  • IgG
31
Q

Xg Blood Group

A
  • Xga, Dominant, on X Chromosome (varies with gender)
  • IgG
32
Q

Scianna Blood Group

A
  • Sc1 (HF), Sc2, Sc3
  • IgG
33
Q

Dombrock Blood Group

A
  • Co-dominant (Doa/Dob)
  • and not (Gya (Gregory), Hy (Holley), Joa (Joseph))
  • IgG
34
Q

Colton Blood Group

A
  • Co-dominant (Coa/Cob) and not (Co3 (HF))
  • IgG
35
Q

Chido/Rogers Blood Group

A
  • 6 Chido, 2 Rogers, WH
  • Associated with HLA System (important for transplant patients)
  • HTLA IgG
36
Q

HTLA Antibodies

A

“High Titer Low Avidity”, cause interference in testing but unlikely to result in patient harm

37
Q

Gerbich Blood Group

A
  • Ge2, Ge3, Ge4 - (HF)
  • Wb, Lsa, Ana, Dha - (LF)
  • IgG
38
Q

Knops Blood Group

A
  • Kna, McCa (McCoy), Sla, Yka (York) - (HF)
  • Knb - (LF)
  • IgG
39
Q

Indian Blood Group

A
  • Ina/Inb
  • IgG
40
Q

Bg Blood Group

A
  • Bga, Bgb, Bgc
  • Antibodies directed against HLA determinants
  • IgG
41
Q

Rh Blood Group

A
  • D, C, c, E, e
  • IgG
42
Q

I/i

A
  • I found on adult cells
  • i found on fetal cells
  • IgM (Cold) Autoantibody
43
Q

Pathologic α-I

A
  • Associated with Raynaud’s Syndrome
  • wider thermal range and higher titer
  • binds complement
44
Q

α-IH

A

Only reacts when BOTH antigens are present

45
Q

α-IA

A

Only reacts when BOTH antigens are present

46
Q

α-H

A
  • Can occur in A1 and A1B patients
  • reacts with Group O and A2
  • IgM (unlike the IgG of Bombay)
47
Q

P1 Phenotype

A

Has P and P1

48
Q

P2 Phenotype

A
  • Has P antigen
  • Can make α-P1
49
Q

p Phenotype

A
  • Rare “Null phenotype”
  • Makes α-PP1pk (formerly called α-Tja)
50
Q

p1k Phenotype

A
  • Has P1 and pk
  • Can make α-P
51
Q

p2k Phenotype

A
  • Has pk
  • Can make α-P and α-P1
52
Q

P Group Antibodies

A

IgM, except some α-Tja (strong hemolysin)

53
Q

Lewis Blood Group

A
  • Lea/Leb
  • Poorly Developed at Birth
  • Reversibly adsorbed onto RBCs from plasma
  • Modify Type 1 chains in plasma (not Type 2 on RBCs)
  • IgM
54
Q

If you have the Le gene

A

you can make Lea FROM H antigen

55
Q

If you have the Se gene

A

you can make Leb FROM Lea

56
Q

If you have both Lea and Leb

A
  • Leb adsorbs preferentially over Lea
  • Can show both rarely in the asian population
57
Q

Lewis antibodies show what kind of agglutination

A

“lacy”

58
Q

MN Blood Group

A
  • Co-dominant (M/N and S/s) and not (U)
  • Well developed at birth
  • α-M and N are IgM
  • α-S, s, and U are IgG
58
Q

α-N Lectin comes from

A

Vicia graminea

59
Q

What antigen was historically made from formaldehyde-sterilized dialysis machines?

60
Q

Lutheran Blood Group

A
  • Co-dominant (Lua/Lub)
  • Poorly developed at birth
  • Lua is IgM
  • Lub is IgG
61
Q

Lub vs Lua Antigen Frequency

A

Lub is HF, Lua is LF

62
Q

α-Lua agglutination is

A

mixed field and lacy

63
Q

Kell Blood Group

A
  • Co-dominant (K/k, Jsa/Jsb, Kpa/Kpb)
  • Well developed at birth
  • IgG
64
Q

Kell Antigen Frequency

A
  • K is LF, k is HF
  • Kpa is LF, Kpb is HF
  • Jsa is LF, Jsb is HF
65
Q

McLeod Phenotype

A

Weak expression of Kell antigens (k, Kpb, and Jsb)

66
Q

Duffy Blood Group

A
  • Co-dominant (Fya/Fyb)
  • also Fy (3rd allele) and Fyx (weakened Fyb)
  • Well developed at birth
  • Enhanced by LISS
  • Fy(a-b-) cells resistant to P. vivax
  • IgG
67
Q

Kidd Blood Group

A
  • Codominant (Jka/Jkb)
  • Well developed at birth
  • Easy to miss, delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions
  • IgG, binds complement well

MLS (18 decks)

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