Blood and Blood Vessels Flashcards
What is Blood?
Blood is a tissue that consists of cells and fragments of cells suspended in plasma.
What are the cells blood is composed of?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
How much percent of the blood does the cells and plasma make up?
Cells - 45%
Plasma- 55%
What can seperate the components of the blood?
centrifuge
What is plasma?
Plasma is a yellowish liquid that is 90% water and 10% dissolved substances
What does the dissolved substances in plasma contains?
Products of digestion- glucose, vitamin, minerals
Waste Products- carbon dioxie and urea
Hormones- Insulin
Plasma proteins- antibodies
What are some functions of the plasma?
Transport carbon dioxide to the lungs.
Transport product of digestion from the ileum to the liver and body cells.
Transport heat from the liver and muscles to all parts of the body.
Transport hormones from the endocrine gland to target organs
Transport urea from the liver to the kidney
What is another word for the platelets?
Thrombocytes
What are platelets?
Bits of cells broken off larger cells in the bone marrow
Where are platelets formed?
In the bone marrow
What is the lifespan for platelets?
5-10 days
What are the 2 functions of blood cloth?
It stops the blood from flowing out the body when a vein or artery is injured and also prevents an infectious germ from entering the body.
What is another name for the red blood cells?
erythrocytes
What is the function of the red blood cell?
To transport oxygen around the body.
What is the life span for a red blood cell?
about 120 days
Where are red blood cells destroyed?
The liver and the spleen
Describe the red blood cell
A biconcave disc shape that is round and flat without a nucleus or other organnelles which leaves space to fit haemoglobin to transport oxygen.
What is haemoglobin?
A molecule specifically designed to hold oxygen and transport it to cells that need it. It is a red pigment rich in iron.
What happens when haemoglobin changes to oxyheamoglobin?
The color chnages from purplish red to bright red
What is another name for white blood cells?
leococytes
What is the function of the white blood cells?
To ward off infection
What are examples of white blood cells?
lymphocytes
monocytes
neutrophils
What does the white blood cells have that the red blood cells dont have?
A nucleus
What are the 2 types of white blood cells?
Phagocytes and lymphocytes
What are phagocytes and where are they formed ?
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by englufing diseases harming the body and its formed in the bone marrow.
What are the functions of lympocytes?
produce antibodies that kill pathogens by causing them to clump together.
Produce antitoxins to neutralize toxins secreted by bacteria.
What are the functions of blood?
Acts as a transport medium for oxygen, hormones, carbon dioxide heat etc.
Consists of blood cloths to help the body tissue heal
Helps keep your body at the right temperature.
How is your blood type determined?
Your blood type is based on the chemicals present on the surface of red blood cells called antigen.
What blood type is the unuversal recipient?
AB
What blood type is the universal donor?
O
What are the 3 main types of blood vessels?
Capillary
Artery
Vein
What does the arteries do?
They carry blood away from the heart
What pressure is the blood at in the arteries?
A high pressure
What happens when an artery is entering an organ?
Upon entering an organ arteries branches into smaller arteries called arteriores which then branches into a network of capillaries which join to form small venules which join to form a single vein which then leads back from the organ towards the heart.
At What pressure is the blood flowing in the veins?
A low pressure
why does blood flow at a low pressure in the veins?
Thats because the blood flowed slowly through the capillaries before entering the veins
What are the functions of the arteries?
Carried blood away from the heart to organs as a high pressure
Stretches and recoils to maintain blood pressure
Delivers blood to organs at a less high pressure than when it left the heart
What are the functions of the veins?
Carried blood towards to heart at a low pressure
expands to take large volume of blood
Since blood pressure is low is consists of semi lunar valves to prevent the back flow of blood.
What are the functions of the capillaries?
Carried blood flowing through the organs at a low pressure and speed
Allows the exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid.
What type of blood is in the arteries.
The blood in the artery is oxygented except in the pulmonary artery.
What type of blood is in the capillaries?
Blood becomes deoxygenated as it passes through the capillaries
What type of blood runs through the veins?
The blood is deoxygenated except in the pulmonary veins
Where are the arteries located?
Deep within the body so they can be protected
What are the capillaries located?
They run throughout tissues and organs
Where are the veins located?
Close to the body surface
Why are the walls of the arteries thick?
To withstand the high blood pressure
Why does the walls of the capillaries composed of one single layer?
So substances pass through the body cells and blood easily.
What are the adaptations of the capillaries?
It has many branches- To increase the surface area for diffusion of susstances like amnio acids, oxygen etc between the blood and tissue fluids.
One cell thick- To decrease difusion distance for exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluids
