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Physiology 1 > Blood (5) > Flashcards

Blood (5) Flashcards

1
Q

Constitutive Hematopoiesis

A

Constant formation of cells to maintain the appropriate number

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2
Q

Stress Hematopoiesis

A

Induced form when need for new blood and immune cells exceeds their steady state (constitutive) production
e.g. hypoxia

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3
Q

Hematopoiesis location Fetus vs Adult

A
  • Fetus: Yolk sac - Liver - Bone marrow (red)
  • Adult: Axial skeleton (pelvis, sternum, vertebrae, long bones)
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4
Q

Types of Bone marrow

A
  • Yellow BM: Inactive, fat storage
  • Red BM: Active, RBC production
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5
Q

Types of cells in Red Bone Marrow

A
  • Hematopoietic cells
  • Stromal cells
  • Hematopoietic Stem cells
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6
Q

Stromal Cells

A

Structural support, Signaling, and Control of hematopoietic cell maturation

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7
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)

A
  • Self-renewing
  • Some remain stem cells & others form differentiated cells (multipotent)
  • No specific morphology other than surface markers
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8
Q

Surface markers of HSC

A
  • CD34: Cluster Differentiation, cell migration/adhesion regulator that may help SC bind marrow matrix.
  • C-Kit: RTK which binds Stem cell factor
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9
Q

Start of Hematopoiesis

A

1) LT-HSC
2) ST-HSC
3) MPP-multipotent progenitor

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10
Q

What are the 2 paths that can be taken from MPP cells

A
  • Common Lymphoid Progenitor
  • Common Myeloid Progenitor
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11
Q

Common Lymphoid Progenitor differentiation

A
  • T-Progenitor
  • B-Progenitor
  • Natural Killer Progenitor
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12
Q

Common Myeloid Progenitor differentiation

A
  • Granulocyte-monocyte Progenitor
  • Megakaryocyte-erythroid Progenitor
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13
Q

Chemokines

A

Small signaling proteins which direct immune/stem cells to sites where they are needed

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14
Q

Niche

A

Area in which Stem cells are present in an undifferentiated state and a self-renewable state

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15
Q

2 Types of Asymmetry

A
  • Divisional: only a certain type of cells divide
  • Environmental: Some niches produce specific types of cells
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16
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Development of mature RBCs from erythropoietic stem cells

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17
Q

Information on Erythropoiesis

A
  • 7-10 days
  • Occurs in Erythropoietic islands
  • From Myeloid lineage (proerythroblasts)
18
Q

Formation of RBC stages

A

HSC
Proerythroblast
Basophilic Erythroblast
Polychromatic Erythroblast
Orthochromatic Erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte (Mature Red Blood Cell)

19
Q

What regulates Erythropoiesis and where is it produced?

A

Erythropoietin
(Kidney cortex Peritubular interstitial fibroblast-like cells)

20
Q

How exactly is Erythropoietin produced

A

Low O2 in Kidney signals using Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) , producing EPO

21
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

Formation of Platelets from same myeloid path.
Promegakaryocytes, Megakaryocytes, Thrombocytes (platelets)

22
Q

Megakaryocyes

A
  • Very large 60 um
  • Lots of duplicated DNA
  • Reduplication without mitosis
  • Processes extend into blood vessels and disintegrate to form Platelets
23
Q

What regulates Thrombopoiesis?

A

Thrombopoietin
(Liver, sometimes Kidney)

24
Q

What do Granulocyte-Macrophage progenitors differentiate to?

A
  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Osteoclasts
25
Hematocrit M/F
Volume percentage of RBC in the blood - M: 0.40 - 0.52 -F: 0.37 - 0.48
26
Hemoglobin M/F
- M: 160 - 170 g/L - F: 135 - 145 g/L
27
RBC count
4.5 - 5 Million / uL
28
Platelet count
150,000 - 300,000 / uL
29
WBC count
7000 / uL - N: 4000 / uL - E: 200 / uL - B: 50 / uL - Mono: 500 / uL - Lymph: 2000 / uL
30
A vs B antigen
- A: N-acetyl-Galactosamine - B: Galactose
31
What does RH+ mean?
It has a D antigen also present on RBC You only get this by Immunization
32
Blood groups and Antigens
- A: A, H - B: B, H - AB: A & B, H - O: H Can also have D if RH+
33
What happens in Platelet Activation
1) GP-VI binds collagen 2) Tyrosine Phosphorylation Cascade 3) PLC act. 4) IP3 causes Ca2+ Release
34
Platelet activation factor (PAF)
- Produced by Leukocytes - a2-R (Gi) - cAMP drops - Ca2+ increases (activation)
35
What Glycoproteins attach Platelets to Collagen
- GP-VI - GP-Ia - GP-IIa
36
What Glycoproteins attach Platelet and vWF
GP-Ib-IX-V
37
What Glycoproteins attach Platelet to Fibrinogen in Platelet aggregation
- GP-IIIa - GP-IIb Arg-Gly-Asp domain
38
What is other name for Tissue Factor
Factor III
39
What is FXIIIa
a Transglutaminase
40
What activates TFPI as a Negative feedback?
FXa
41
What can be used in Vitro anticoagulants to reduce Ca2+
- EDTA - Na-Citrate - Na-Oxalate

Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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