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Physiology 1 > Blood (5) > Flashcards

Blood (5) Flashcards

1
Q

Constitutive Hematopoiesis

A

Constant formation of cells to maintain the appropriate number

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2
Q

Stress Hematopoiesis

A

Induced form when need for new blood and immune cells exceeds their steady state (constitutive) production
e.g. hypoxia

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3
Q

Hematopoiesis location Fetus vs Adult

A
  • Fetus: Yolk sac - Liver - Bone marrow (red)
  • Adult: Axial skeleton (pelvis, sternum, vertebrae, long bones)
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4
Q

Types of Bone marrow

A
  • Yellow BM: Inactive, fat storage
  • Red BM: Active, RBC production
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5
Q

Types of cells in Red Bone Marrow

A
  • Hematopoietic cells
  • Stromal cells
  • Hematopoietic Stem cells
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6
Q

Stromal Cells

A

Structural support, Signaling, and Control of hematopoietic cell maturation

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7
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)

A
  • Self-renewing
  • Some remain stem cells & others form differentiated cells (multipotent)
  • No specific morphology other than surface markers
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8
Q

Surface markers of HSC

A
  • CD34: Cluster Differentiation, cell migration/adhesion regulator that may help SC bind marrow matrix.
  • C-Kit: RTK which binds Stem cell factor
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9
Q

Start of Hematopoiesis

A

1) LT-HSC
2) ST-HSC
3) MPP-multipotent progenitor

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10
Q

What are the 2 paths that can be taken from MPP cells

A
  • Common Lymphoid Progenitor
  • Common Myeloid Progenitor
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11
Q

Common Lymphoid Progenitor differentiation

A
  • T-Progenitor
  • B-Progenitor
  • Natural Killer Progenitor
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12
Q

Common Myeloid Progenitor differentiation

A
  • Granulocyte-monocyte Progenitor
  • Megakaryocyte-erythroid Progenitor
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13
Q

Chemokines

A

Small signaling proteins which direct immune/stem cells to sites where they are needed

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14
Q

Niche

A

Area in which Stem cells are present in an undifferentiated state and a self-renewable state

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15
Q

2 Types of Asymmetry

A
  • Divisional: only a certain type of cells divide
  • Environmental: Some niches produce specific types of cells
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16
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Development of mature RBCs from erythropoietic stem cells

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17
Q

Information on Erythropoiesis

A
  • 7-10 days
  • Occurs in Erythropoietic islands
  • From Myeloid lineage (proerythroblasts)
18
Q

Formation of RBC stages

A

HSC
Proerythroblast
Basophilic Erythroblast
Polychromatic Erythroblast
Orthochromatic Erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte (Mature Red Blood Cell)

19
Q

What regulates Erythropoiesis and where is it produced?

A

Erythropoietin
(Kidney cortex Peritubular interstitial fibroblast-like cells)

20
Q

How exactly is Erythropoietin produced

A

Low O2 in Kidney signals using Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) , producing EPO

21
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

Formation of Platelets from same myeloid path.
Promegakaryocytes, Megakaryocytes, Thrombocytes (platelets)

22
Q

Megakaryocyes

A
  • Very large 60 um
  • Lots of duplicated DNA
  • Reduplication without mitosis
  • Processes extend into blood vessels and disintegrate to form Platelets
23
Q

What regulates Thrombopoiesis?

A

Thrombopoietin
(Liver, sometimes Kidney)

24
Q

What do Granulocyte-Macrophage progenitors differentiate to?

A
  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Osteoclasts
25
Q

Hematocrit M/F

A

Volume percentage of RBC in the blood
- M: 0.40 - 0.52
-F: 0.37 - 0.48

26
Q

Hemoglobin M/F

A
  • M: 160 - 170 g/L
  • F: 135 - 145 g/L
27
Q

RBC count

A

4.5 - 5 Million / uL

28
Q

Platelet count

A

150,000 - 300,000 / uL

29
Q

WBC count

A

7000 / uL
- N: 4000 / uL
- E: 200 / uL
- B: 50 / uL
- Mono: 500 / uL
- Lymph: 2000 / uL

30
Q

A vs B antigen

A
  • A: N-acetyl-Galactosamine
  • B: Galactose
31
Q

What does RH+ mean?

A

It has a D antigen also present on RBC
You only get this by Immunization

32
Q

Blood groups and Antigens

A
  • A: A, H
  • B: B, H
  • AB: A & B, H
  • O: H
    Can also have D if RH+
33
Q

What happens in Platelet Activation

A

1) GP-VI binds collagen
2) Tyrosine Phosphorylation Cascade
3) PLC act.
4) IP3 causes Ca2+ Release

34
Q

Platelet activation factor (PAF)

A
  • Produced by Leukocytes
  • a2-R (Gi)
  • cAMP drops
  • Ca2+ increases (activation)
35
Q

What Glycoproteins attach Platelets to Collagen

A
  • GP-VI
  • GP-Ia
  • GP-IIa
36
Q

What Glycoproteins attach Platelet and vWF

A

GP-Ib-IX-V

37
Q

What Glycoproteins attach Platelet to Fibrinogen in Platelet aggregation

A
  • GP-IIIa
  • GP-IIb
    Arg-Gly-Asp domain
38
Q

What is other name for Tissue Factor

A

Factor III

39
Q

What is FXIIIa

A

a Transglutaminase

40
Q

What activates TFPI as a Negative feedback?

A

FXa

41
Q

What can be used in Vitro anticoagulants to reduce Ca2+

A
  • EDTA
  • Na-Citrate
  • Na-Oxalate

Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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