block3: eicosanoids and active lipids

Question 1

1.Describe the major physiological functions of eicosanoids

and their general functional roles
-what are they?
-where are they made
_what is their role ?

Question 2

2. Describe the structure, cellular location and synthesis pathways

for arachidonic acid; outline the major pathways for eicosanoid synthesis

-what acid is arachidonic acid made from?
-what type of lipid is it? (omega)
how many double bonds?
-outline the 3 alternative pathways
-eicosanoid synthsyses pathways from arahidonic acid?
-linear
_cyclic
-enzymes?

Question 3

3. Define prostaglandins and outline

the cyclic pathway of arachidonate metabolism

prostaglandins are derivatives of what acid?
-what is the structure?
-outline cyclic patwhays
_what tissues are prostaglandins found in?
what 2 things inhibit synthesis?

Question 4

4.Explain the mechanism of action for prostaglandin synthase and the different types of inhibitors used as therapeutic agents

-importance of PGH2?
-what enzyme makes it? contains heme
-mech of action?
-COX 1 vs 2
-irreversible vs reversible mech of aciton of COX inhibitor
-how do we get from PGH2 to throboxane or prostacyclin?
COX2 selective inhibitors?
how does aspirin work?
how does advil work?

Question 5

5.Outline regulation of prostaglandin synthesis, tissue specificity

and the general mechanism of action

-describe the types of prsotaglandins in each of these tissues?
heart muscle
vascular endothelial
platelets
-how are prostaglandins similar to and different from hormones?
-what is their mech of action?
_what type of receptors?
-why do they have short half lives?

Question 6

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6. Describe the linear pathway of arachidonate metabolism

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-enzyme?
-products?

Question 7

7. Describe the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and explain the physiologic effects and mechanisms of inhibition by drugs

-what enzyme makes leukotrines?
wht does it require
how is it inhibited?
-how is it inovled in immediate hypersensitivity?
how are leukotrines made? What do you start with >
what specific receptors transport LTB and C out of cell?
what does 5

Question 8

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8. Explain how isoprostanes and cannabinoids are formed

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-how are isoprostanes made?
-how are they eliminated?
-how are endocannabinoids made?
what phospholipase is used for these ?
effect on NS?

Question 9

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9. Explain why a diet rich in marine lipids has a cardioprotective effect

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-what is the role of EPA?

-what type of fatty acid is it (omega)
what is it a precursor of?