Block3: 2. fatty acid synthesis

Question 1

1. Outline the major features of lipogenesis

-substrates? (3)
-fed or fasting state?
-what hormones stimulate it?
location?
greater with high carb or high fat diet/
which faty acid isthe only one made?

Question 2

lactating mammary gland synthesizes what?

Question 3

how many carbons is palmitate?
elongate to/
shorten to?
which type sof fatty acids are essential and must be obtained from diet?
what is the redox donor?
activated donor in synthesis?

Question 4

2. Describe the major steps of fatty acid synthesis

and the two main regulatory enzymes

-first step
-ananlogous to which glucogenesis step?
what coenzyme used?
how is it regulated ? What stimulates, what inhibits?
how do polyunsaturated fatty acids diminish transcription of Fatty acid synthase gene?
how do we make double bonds?

Question 5

3. Outline the roles of citrate shuttle in fatty acid synthesis

synthesis of palmitate requires input of what molecules?
why is citrate carrier needed?
what enzyme makes NADPH?

Question 6

4. Describe the major regulatory step in fatty acid synthesis

what is major regulatory step?
what is it regulated by?
what activates it?
what inhibits it?

Question 7

5. Outline fatty acid elongation and desaturation
   -what enzymes used for desaturation?
   where is the location?

whre do we do elongation of FA longer than 16?
what is the fatty acid donor?

Question 8

6. Compare the pathways for biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids and

describe the coordinated regulation of the two pathways

location?
acyl group carrier?
electron donor? acceptor?
hydrocy group?
product?
major regulatory step?

Question 9

how are synthesized fatty acids stored?
•1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate is also known as ____