block 3: 3. Polysusaturated fatty acids

Question 1

1.Explain the nomenclature and describe the different classes and dietary sources of PUFA

-what are 2 impt 18 PUFA?
-which vegetable oils contain omega 3 fatty acids?
content in breast milk?
why are trans fats bad?
Where are they found?
which double bond posiiton cannot be reduced endogenously?

Answer 1

rapesee
walnut
soya oil
soybean, canola oil
“beans and nuts and soy” and fish oils

that trans instead of cis double bond is realy dangerous

Question 2

2. Explain how unsaturated fatty acids can be synthesized endogenously by elongation and desaturation

-what is elongated palmitate?
shortedned?
-how is this done? what is the 2 carbon donor?
what provides reducing equivalents
location?
substrate?
overall differences from fatty acid synthesis ? Similariiteis?
enzymre?

Question 3

what is preferred substrate for fatty acid desaturation?
enzyme?
what does the enzyme do? What carbons does it work on?
location of this enzyme?
what else is needed?

Question 4

3. Explain and compare the endogenous synthesis pathways of ω3 and ω6 PUFA

describe conversion from linolei to arachidonate?
how many desaturation steps?
substrates are all ___
why do we have to start with omega 6?
how and why do the omega 6 and omega 3 pathwys inhibit each other?
what products of the omega 3 pathway are protectie for heart disease?

Question 5

4. Outline the beta-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

-location?
even vs odd number?
do you make fad/nadh?

Question 6

5. Explain why some PUFA decrease the risk of heart disease
   which fa are athrogenic?
   which oils are protective?

Question 7

6. Describe different types of PUFA deficiencies and

explain why PUFAs are essential for health

_classic pufa deficiency?

• how do you confirm in serum proflie?
• essential faty acid deficiency?

-how do we diagnose?
deficiency of omega 3 PUFA?
how is linoleic acid important for membrane fluidity and fx?
which do you need more of alpha or linoleic acid?

Question 8

FIsh is high in ___ and ___ assoiciated with reduced risk of sudden death and coronary arteyr disase in adults.