Block C Part 3: Immunology Sum Up and Inappropiate Immune Responses Flashcards
What is the Primary immune response?
It’s the bodies initial exposure to an antigen
(Lecture 2, Slide 44)
What is the Secondary immune response?
The bodies subsequent exposure to the same antigen
(Lecture 2, Slide 44)
How does the body produce a larger amount of antibodies faster in secondary immune response?
Memory B cells are quickly stimulated to differentiate and multiply
(Lecture 2, Slide 44)
How is passive immunity acquired?
From the direct transfer of antibodies from one individual to another which can be done naturally (via placenta or breast milk) or artificially by giving a patient IgG molecules
(Lecture 2, Slide 46)
What 2 ways can active immunity be acquired?
Can be acquired naturally or as a vaccination/immunization
(Lecture 2, Slide 46)
What does the huge diversity of lymphocyte receptors generate?
Receptors binding to self
(Lecture 2, Slide 47)
What is clonal deletion?
During early development, T cells in the thymus responding to self are destroyed by apoptosis
(Lecture 2, Slide 47)
What is clonal inactivation?
Outside of the thymus, potentially self-reacting T cells become nonresponsive.
B cells undergo a similar process
(Lecture 2, Slide 47)
What is autoimmune disease?
When the immune system attacks the body’s own tissue and cells.
(Lecture 2, Slide 56)
How does lifestyle and nutrition affect immune performance?
Protein-calorie malnutrition
(Lecture 2, Slide 58)
What does cortisol do?
It is associated with stress and has a powerful suppressive activity on inflammation and specific immunity
(Lecture 2, Slide 58)
What is psychoneuroimmunology?
The immune system can alter neural and endocrine function and vice versa
(Lecture 2, Slide 58)
What is the major problem of transplanting?
Graft rejection
(Lecture 2, Slide 59)
What are patients given during transplants?
Immune function suppressing drugs
(Lecture 2, Slide 59)
What is blood type based on?
It’s based on antigen on the surface of erythrocyte (red blood cell)
(Lecture 2, Slide 60)
What blood type is the universal donor and why?
Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens and so can be given to any person
(Lecture 2, Slide 60)
What blood type is the universal recipient and why?
Individual with AB blood can receive any type of blood since they do not have antibodies to A or B
(Lecture 2, Slide 60)
What is an allergy?
It is an immune response to environmental antigens causing inflammation and damage to body cells
(Lecture 2, Slide 61)
What do allergies result in?
They can cause hypersensitivity
(Lecture 2, Slide 61)
What is an allergen?
Allergens are antigens causing allergies
(Lecture 2, Slide 61)
How are allergens harmful?
Most allergens are harmless, the immune response to them is the problem
(Lecture 2, Slide 61)
How are allergies classified?
They are classified according to speed of the reaction
(Lecture 2, Slide 61)
What are the two different types of hypersensitivity?
Delayed hypersensitivity and immediate hypersensitivity
(Lecture 2, Slide 62)
What happens after initial exposure in Immediate hypersensitivity?
After initial exposure, IgE antibodies attach themselves to mast cells.
(Lecture 2, Slide 62)
What happens after subsequent exposure in Immediate hypersensitivity?
Causes mast cells to release inflammatory mediators.
(Lecture 2, Slide 62)
What 4 things does the release of inflammatory mediators result in?
Congestion, runny nose, sneezing and difficulty breathing.
(Lecture 2, Slide 62)
What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(Lecture 2, Slide 63)
What is AIDS caused by?
The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
(Lecture 2, Slide 63)
How does AIDS cause death?
Death from AIDS is usually from opportunistic infections that a normal immune system would fight off.
(Lecture 2, Slide 63)
How does AIDs infect the body?
It preferentially infects helper T cells using CD4 as a receptor for virus entry.
(Lecture 2, Slide 63)
