Bleeding, Shock, and soft-tissue injuries, Hemostatic agents (Chapter 14)

Question 1

Standard Precautions

Answer 1

• Wear gloves
• If appropriate, wear a surgical mask and eye protection

Question 2

Shock

Answer 2

defined as failure of the circulatory system

Question 3

Circulatory failure has many possible causes, but three primary causes are:

Answer 3

• Pump Failure
• Pipe Failure
• Fluid Loss

Question 4

Pump Failure

Answer 4

• Cardiogenic Shock occurs if the heart cannot pump enough blood to supply the needs of the body

Results from a heart attack

Question 5

Pipe failure

Answer 5

• caused by the expansion, constriction and ultimately the breakage of the vessel
  
  • Anaphylactic shock
    
    • Rapid drop in blood pressure
  • Spinal shock

Question 6

Fluid Loss

Answer 6

• caused by excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) or loss of other body fluids
  
  • How do you know someone is bleeding?
    
    • You can see, feel and smell it
• Internal bleeding:
  
  • Bruising
  • Swelling
  • Rigidity in the affected area
  • Severe pain in the immediate area

Question 7

An average adult has about _____ pints ( Liters) of blood circulating in the system

Loss of ______ or more pints can lead to shock

Someone experiencing Shocks feels ________

Answer 7

12pints (5.7 liters)

2 or more pints = shock

“impending doom”

Question 8

General Treatment for ‘Shock’:

Answer 8

• Lay the person flat on his or her back on horizontal surface
• Control major bleeding
• Maintain the patients ABC’s
• Treat the causes of shock if possible

Maintain the patient’s body temperature

Question 9

Controlling External Blood Loss:

Answer 9

Capillary Bleeding:

• Blood ooze outs
• most common type of blood loss

Venous Bleeding:

• Steady flow
• Direct pressure for at least 5 minutes
• second common type of blood type

Arterial Bleeding:

• Spurts or surges with each heartbeat
• Exert direct pressure and maintain pressure until EMS arrives
• Most serious type of bleeding

Question 10

Tourniquets

Answer 10

indicated only in situations where extremity bleeding cannot be controlled by direct pressure or elevation

• Brachial, Femoral
• After applying, write TK and the time of application on the patient’s forehead (ex. TK: TIME)
• Rule of thumb: check for distal pulse (furthest away from tourniquet)
• *2-3 inches above the bleeding site*
• As tight as 3 fingers

Question 11

Closed Wounds:

Answer 11

the only closed wound is the bruise (contusion)

Question 12

Open Wounds:

Answer 12

• Abrasion —> scrape
• Puncture —> sharp object penetrates the skin
• Laceration —> cut

Avulsions / amputations —> tearing away of body tissue / entire body part is torn away

Question 13

Dressing and Bandaging Wounds

Answer 13

• Control bleeding
• Prevent further contamination
• Immobilize the injured part
• Prevent movement of impaled objects

Question 14

Dressing

VS

Bandaging

Answer 14

Dressing - an object placed directly on the wound (never remove dressing)

Bandaging- used to hold the dressing in place

Question 15

Burn Depth:

superficial burns

partial-thickness burns

Full-Thickness burns

Answer 15

1st degree burns

2nd degree burns

3rd degree burns

Question 16

Thermal Burns caused by _____

Respiratory Burns are located in any part of the _____

Chemical Burns are to be flush with ____ for at least ____ min

Electrical Burns enters _____ at one point, travels through and exits at the point of ________

Answer 16

caused by heat

a burn to any part of the airway

• strong substances
  
  • Brush away any dry chemical
• Flush with water for at least 10 minutes

an electrical current enters the body at one point, travels through the body tissues and organs, and exits at the point of ground contact

Question 17

QuikClot Combat Gauze LE

Answer 17

causes rapid localized coagulation and formation of a stable blood clot in a variety of wounds

• Up to 3 minutes of continuous pressure