BL Exocrine

Question 1

Compare and contrast serous vs mucous acini in histology

Answer 1

Serous - darker - due to zymogens
Mucous - lighter/paler - due to mucin

Question 2

Describe the submandibular gland in histology

Answer 2

Both serous and mucous acini
Serous - darker
Mucous - lighter

Question 3

Location of a parotid gland

Answer 3

Anterior to the ear

Question 4

Describe striated ducts

Answer 4

Look like a gland
Lumen in centre
Nuclei are near the lumen or in middle

Question 5

Function of striated ducts

Answer 5

Prevent water loss

Question 6

Staining of the parotid gland

Answer 6

Mostly serous
Dark staining

Question 7

Staining of sublingual gland

Answer 7

Mostly mucous
Light staining

Question 8

What is the control of salivary secretion?

Answer 8

Neural stimulation only

Question 9

What is the portal triad?

Answer 9

Hepatic artery - small
Portal vein - biggest
Bile duct - small + purple on H+E

Question 10

Hepatic blood supply

Answer 10

Hepatic portal vein - from stomach and intestines
Hepatic artery

Question 11

Describe a liver lobule

Answer 11

Made up of 6 portal triads
Hexagonal shape

Question 12

What are kupffer cells?
Function

Answer 12

Specialist macrophages in the sinusoidal linin of the liver
Ingests pathogens and recycles old RBCs

Question 13

What is the bile canaliculi?

Answer 13

Ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile

Question 14

Describe the sinusoid

Answer 14

Thinner at either end
Wider in the middle
Incomplete basement membrane
Intercellular gap

Question 15

Are hepatocytes mono, bi or tri nucleated?

Answer 15

Bi or tri

Question 16

Describe the structure of hepatcytes

Answer 16

No basement membrane
2 apical membranes on opposite sides
Bile canaliculi flows between hepatocytes

Question 17

Outline the flow of bile in the liver

Answer 17

Canaliculi
Interlobular tributaries
Peripheral bile ductules
Bile duct
Left and right hepatic ducts

Question 18

What are Ito/Stellate cells?

Answer 18

Store vitamin A

Question 19

What are pit cells?

Answer 19

Active form of NK cells
Kill tumour cells in the sinusoid

Question 20

What happens to Ito cells during liver cirrhosis?

Answer 20

Lose their ability to store vitamin A
Differentiate into myofibroblasts
Produce collagen > liver fibrosis

Question 21

How must of the liver is damaged in low to mild liver damage + how long does it take to regenerate?
Examples of damage

Answer 21

<50%
7-8 days
e.g. viral infection, alcohol

Question 22

How must of the liver is damaged in mild to medium liver damage + how long does it take to regenerate?
Examples of damage

Answer 22

Up to 70%
30-40 days
e.g liver transplant, heavy alcohol, drug toxicity

Question 23

How must of the liver is damaged in medium to severe liver damage + how long does it take to regenerate?
Examples of damage

Answer 23

> 70%
Never
e.g. chronic liver failure, chronic alcohol/drug misuse, suicide attempt

Question 24

What is stored in the liver

Answer 24

Iron
Copper
Lipid soluble vitamins - A,D,E,K
Glycogen

Question 25

What is the main constitutive secretion of the liver?

Answer 25

Endocrine - Albumin
Exocrine - bile

Question 26

What is the main regulated secretion of the liver?

Answer 26

IGF-1

Question 27

Function of bile

Answer 27

Emulsifies fats
Assist in vitamin K absorption into small intestines

Question 28

How does the liver differ to the pancreas?

Answer 28

In the liver the same cells (hepatocytes) execute both the endocrine and exocrine function

Question 29

What do the acini of the pancreas secrete?

Answer 29

Lipase
Amylase
Trypsinogen
Ribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease

Question 30

What are the epithelial cells in the mammary gland?

Answer 30

Compound alveolar