BL Endocrine Flashcards
Location of the pituitary gland
Below the hypothalamus at the base of the brain
Location of the thyroid gland
Anterior to the trachea
Location of the parathyroid gland
On dorsal surface of the thyroid gland
Location of the adrenal gods
On top of each kidney
Location of the pancreas
Left of and posterior to the stomach
What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?
TSH
ACTH
LH
FSH
GH
What does the posterior pituitary secrete?
ADH
Oxytocin
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
Thyroxine - T4
Triodothyroinine - T3
What does the parathyroid gland secrete?
Parathormone PTH
What does the adrenal gland secrete?
Adrenaline + noradreline
Corticosteroids, glucosteroid + mineralcorticoids
What are the types of hormones?
Glycoproteins + peptide
Steroid
Amino acid derived - catecholamines + thyroid
Lipid
For steroid hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples
- made on demand from precursors
- bound to carrier proteins
- cytoplasm or nucleus
- activation of gens for transcription + translation
- e.g. oestrogen, androgen, cortisol
For glycoproteins + peptides ormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples
- made in advance + stored in secretory vesicles
- dissolved in plasma
- cell membrane
- activation of 2nd messenger systems
- e.g. insulin, glucagon, ACTH, PTH
For thyroid hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples
- made in advance + store in secretory vesicles
- bound to carrier proteins
- nucleus
- activation of genes for transcription + translation
- e.g. T3+T4
For catecholamines hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples
- made in advance + stored in secretory vesicles
- dissolved in plasma
- cell membrane
- activation of second messenger systems
- e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine
What are portal systems?
Blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before retuning to heart
What is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?
The portal system through the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
What are the portal systems of the body?
Hepatic portal system
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
When does the development of endocrine system start?
From week 5 of development onwards
What does PTH do?
Monitors Ca2+ conc.
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas
- a cells - glucagon
- B cells - insulin
- d cells - somatostatin - inhibits glucagon + insulin releases
What do parafollicular cells secrete?
Calcitonin
What is the function of calcitonin?
- Inhibits oestoclast activity in bone
- inhibits renal Ca2+ and phosphate reabsorption > more excreted
