BL Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the pituitary gland

A

Below the hypothalamus at the base of the brain

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2
Q

Location of the thyroid gland

A

Anterior to the trachea

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3
Q

Location of the parathyroid gland

A

On dorsal surface of the thyroid gland

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4
Q

Location of the adrenal gods

A

On top of each kidney

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5
Q

Location of the pancreas

A

Left of and posterior to the stomach

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6
Q

What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

TSH
ACTH
LH
FSH
GH

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7
Q

What does the posterior pituitary secrete?

A

ADH
Oxytocin

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8
Q

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

Thyroxine - T4
Triodothyroinine - T3

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9
Q

What does the parathyroid gland secrete?

A

Parathormone PTH

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10
Q

What does the adrenal gland secrete?

A

Adrenaline + noradreline

Corticosteroids, glucosteroid + mineralcorticoids

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11
Q

What are the types of hormones?

A

Glycoproteins + peptide
Steroid
Amino acid derived - catecholamines + thyroid
Lipid

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12
Q

For steroid hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples

A
  • made on demand from precursors
  • bound to carrier proteins
  • cytoplasm or nucleus
  • activation of gens for transcription + translation
  • e.g. oestrogen, androgen, cortisol
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13
Q

For glycoproteins + peptides ormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples

A
  • made in advance + stored in secretory vesicles
  • dissolved in plasma
  • cell membrane
  • activation of 2nd messenger systems
  • e.g. insulin, glucagon, ACTH, PTH
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14
Q

For thyroid hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples

A
  • made in advance + store in secretory vesicles
  • bound to carrier proteins
  • nucleus
  • activation of genes for transcription + translation
  • e.g. T3+T4
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15
Q

For catecholamines hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples

A
  • made in advance + stored in secretory vesicles
  • dissolved in plasma
  • cell membrane
  • activation of second messenger systems
  • e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine
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16
Q

What are portal systems?

A

Blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before retuning to heart

17
Q

What is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?

A

The portal system through the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

18
Q

What are the portal systems of the body?

A

Hepatic portal system
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

19
Q

When does the development of endocrine system start?

A

From week 5 of development onwards

20
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Monitors Ca2+ conc.

21
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas

A
  • a cells - glucagon
  • B cells - insulin
  • d cells - somatostatin - inhibits glucagon + insulin releases
22
Q

What do parafollicular cells secrete?

A

Calcitonin

23
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A
  • Inhibits oestoclast activity in bone
  • inhibits renal Ca2+ and phosphate reabsorption > more excreted