Biosphere 3 Flashcards
What is genetic diversity?
variation in individual genetics within and between populations
What is ecosystem diversity?
variety of ecosystems within the biosphere
What is taxonomic (species) diversity?
variety of taxa in a given area
What is functional diversity?
variety of ‘functions’ performed by the taxa in a given area
Translation:
variety of modes of life/variety of different
things the taxa ‘do
What are the 3 broad areas of diversity?
Species
Habitat
Genetic
How can species diversity be split?
Richness
Evenness
Dominance
What are the difficulties in measuring species richness?
Taxonomic level?
Sampling procedure
What is the effort vs reward with sampling procedures?
will be a point where effort of finding new species not ‘worth it’ but rare species are hard to find
What can influence terrestrial biomes?
Temperature
Precipitation
Atmospheric circulation
Topography
Latitude
Over time change (Milankovitch, long term climate change, evolution and continental drift)
What are marine biomes influenced by?
Depth
Distance from shore
Light levels
What is the photic and aphotic zone in water/ oceans?
Photic- ~100m, light penetration
Aphotic- ~400m, no light penetration
What are plankton, nekton and benthos?
Plankton- float in water column
Nekton- mobile species
Benthos- live on sea floor
What is pelagic and benthic?
pelagic in water column
Benthic on sea floor
What is a population?
group of individuals of the same species,
which interbreed and share genetic information
How can populations be distributed?
geographically clustered
Living in close proximity
How can species population change?
birth
death
survival
What are intrinsic factors?
factors within the population itself that affect size
What are some examples of intrinsic factors?
reproduction rate
need for food, light, space,
What are extrinsic factors?
factors external to the species
What are some examples of extrinsic factors?
Climate change
forest fire
predation
What is intraspecific competition?
between individuals of the same species
What is interspecific competition?
competition
predation
parasitism
mutualism