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psychology. > biopsychology - nervous system n endocrine system. > Flashcards

biopsychology - nervous system n endocrine system. Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by the nervous system?

A

A specialised network of cells in the human body that is our primary internal communication system.

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2
Q

What do biological psychologists believe about the nervous system?

A

Behaviour and experiences are caused by activity in the nervous sytem.

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3
Q

Why is the nervous system important?

A

Allows us to coordinate our actions and respond to change in our environment.

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4
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system?

A
  • the central nervous system (CNS).
  • the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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5
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system.

A
  • to collect, process and respond to information in the environment.
  • to coordinate the working different organs and cells.
  • send relay messages from the brain to the body.
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6
Q

What is the central nervous system (CNS) divided into?

A
  • the brain.
  • the spinal cord.
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7
Q

What is the function of the brain?

A

Centre of all conscious awareness and involved in all psychological processes needed for human function and survival.

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8
Q

What is the brain made up of?

A

The cerebral cortex which is 3mm thick and covers the brain.

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9
Q

Why is the human brain separate from those of animals?

A

Human brain is highly developed.

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10
Q

How many hemispheres is the brain divided into?

A

2.

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11
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A
  • relays information from the brain to the rest of the body.
  • passes messages to and from the brain.
  • connects nerves to the PNS.
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12
Q

What is the spinal cord made up of?

A

Spinal nerves which are connected to certain muscles and glands throughout the body.

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13
Q

What does the spinal cord contain?

A

A circuit of nerve cells which enables us to perform simple reflexes without direct involvement of the brain.

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14
Q

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A

To send relay nerve impulses from the CNS to the body and from the body back to the CNS.

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15
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) divided into?

A
  • somatic nervous system.
  • autonomic nervous system.
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16
Q

What are the function of the somatic nervous system?

A
  • to control voluntary muscle movement.
  • receive information from sensory receptors.
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17
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Governs vital functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, digestions, sexual arousal and stress responses.

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18
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system divided into?

A
  • sympathetic nervous system.
  • parasympathetic nervous system.
    [usually antagonist where they work in opposition to each other]
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19
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Create responses that help us deal with emergences such as fight or flight.

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20
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system work?

A

Neurons travel to every organ and gland preparing the body for rapid action when an individual is under threat.

21
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Relaxes the individual once the emergency has passed.

22
Q

How does the parasympathetic nervous system work?

A

Slows down the heartbeat and reduces blood pressure.

23
Q

What happens during the sympathetic state?

A
  • increased heart rate.
  • increased breathing rate.
  • dilated pupils.
  • inhabitation of digestion.
  • inhabitation of saliva production.
24
Q

What happens during the parasympathetic state?

A
  • decreased heart rate.
  • decreased breathing rate.
  • constrict pupils.
  • stimulation of digestion.
  • stimulation of saliva production.
25
Q

What is meant by the endocrine system?

A
  • glands which produce hormones.
  • released into the bloodstream to the target organs.
  • each hormone has a specific function.
26
Q

What glands are a part of the endocrine system?

A
  • adrenal gland.
  • ovary.
  • pancreas.
  • pituitary gland.
  • thyroid gland.
  • testes.
27
Q

What does the adrenal gland release?

A

Adrenalin.

28
Q

What does the pituitary gland release?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).

29
Q

What does the thyroid gland release?

A

Thyroxine.

30
Q

What does the ovary release?

A

Oestrogen.

31
Q

What does the pancreas release?

A

Insulin.

32
Q

What does the testes release?

A

Testosterone.

33
Q

What does the adrenal gland target?

A

Vital organs such as the liver and heart.

34
Q

What does the putuitary gland target?

A

The kidney.

35
Q

What does the thyroid gland target?

A

The liver and kidneys.

36
Q

What does the ovary target?

A

The uterus.

37
Q

What does the pancreas target?

A

The liver.

38
Q

What does the testes target?

A

The male reproductive organs.

39
Q

What is the function of the adrenal gland?

A

Prepares the body for action - fight or flight.

40
Q

What are the functions of the pituitary gland?

A
  • controls the blood water level by triggering uptake of water and producing urine by kidney.
  • produces hormones and releases hormones from other glands which travel to the bloodstream to their specific target and stimulates these glands to produce other hormones.
41
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Helps control the rate of metabolism.

42
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

Controls puberty and the menstrual cycle in females.

43
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Controls blood sugar levels.

44
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

Controls puberty in males and production of sperm.

45
Q

What is the pituitary gland also known as?

A

The master gland.

46
Q

How is the pituitary gland controlled?

A

By the hypothalamus which uses information that is received to help regulate its functions.

47
Q

What is meant by hormones?

A

A chemical substance which is circulated in the bloodstream and only affects target organs.

48
Q

How are hormones produced?

A

Hypothalamus sends signal to the pituitary gland ⟶ pituitary gland secretes a ‘stimulating hormone’ ⟶ target gland releases its hormone ⟶ levels of the target gland’s hormone in the bloodstream increase ⟶ hypothalamus stops its signal ⟶ pituitary gland stops secreting a ‘stimulating hormone’ ⟶ target gland stops releasing hormone.
[in large quantities but disappear quickly]

49
Q

What is the process when in fight or flight?

A

The endocrine system and ANS work together ⟶ stressful event such as exams would lead to the hypothalamus triggering sympathetic branch of the ANS ⟶ ANS changes from the resting state (parasympathetic) to the aroused state (sympathetic) ⟶ the pituitary gland releases ACTH causing the adrenal glands to release adrenaline into the bloodstream ⟶ adrenaline causes physiological changes such as increased heart rate which causes the fight or flight response ⟶ when stressful event is over the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in ⟶ body reaches resting state such as the slowing down of the heart rate.

psychology. (36 decks)

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