biopsychology - localisation of brain function.

Question 1

What is meant by localisation of function?

Answer 1

Theory that different areas of the brain are responsible for different behaviours or activities.

Question 2

What does the holistic theory believe about the localisation of function

Answer 2

That all parts of the brain were involved in processing of thought and action.
[during the 19th century it was discovered that certain areas of the brain held a particular function]

Question 3

How many hemispheres is the brain divided into?

Answer 3

2.

Question 4

What is meant by hemispheric lateralisation?

Answer 4

Where some of our physical and psychological functions are controlled by a particular hemisphere.

Question 5

What side of activity does the right hemisphere control?

Answer 5

The left hand side of the body.

Question 6

What side of activity does the left hemisphere control?

Answer 6

The right hand side of the body.

Question 7

What is meant by the cerebral cortex?

Answer 7

The outer layer of the cerebrum and made of grey matter.

Question 8

How many lobes is the cerebral cortex divided into?

Answer 8

4 lobes of the brain.
- frontal lobe.
- parietal lobe.
- occipital lobe.
- temporal lobe.

Question 9

What is the function of the motor cortex?

Answer 9

Controls voluntary movements by sending signals to the muscles in the body.

Question 10

What would happen if the motor cortex was injured?

Answer 10

Loss of muscle function or paralysis.

Question 11

What is the function of the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 11

Where sensory information from the skin is represented.

Question 12

What is the function of the visual cortex?

Answer 12

Receives and processes visual information and contains different areas with each processing different types of visual information such as colour, shape or movement.

Question 13

What is the function of the auditory cortex?

Answer 13

Analyses, interprets and processes acoustic information.

Question 14

Where is the motor cortex located?

Answer 14

Back of the frontal lobe.

Question 15

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 15

Front of the parietal lobe which is separated from the motor cortex by a valley called the central sulcus.

Question 16

Where is the visual cortex located?

Answer 16

In the occipital lobe at the back of the brain.

Question 17

Where is the auditory cortex located?

Answer 17

Temporal lobes.

Question 18

Which hemisphere is the motor cortex included in?

Answer 18

Both controlling the opposite side of the body.

Question 19

Which hemisphere is the somatosensory cortex included in?

Answer 19

Both.

Question 20

Which hemisphere is the visual cortex included in?

Answer 20

Both.

Question 21

Which hemisphere is the auditory cortex included in?

Answer 21

Both.

Question 22

What would happen if the somatosensory cortex was injured?

Answer 22

Loss of sense of touch.

Question 23

What would happen if the visual cortex was injured?

Answer 23

• injury will result in partial or complete loss of vision called cortical blindness.
• injury to on cortex will lead to the loss of vision in the opposite visual field.

Question 24

What would happen if the auditory cortex was injured?

Answer 24

Partial hearing loss.

Question 25

How is sensitivity affected by the somatosensory area?

Answer 25

Amount of somatosensory area devoted to a particular body denotes its sensitivity such as receptors for our face and hands occupying half of the somatosensory area.

Question 26

How is information sent through the visual cortex?

Answer 26

Each eye send information from the right visual field to the left visual cortex and from the left visual field to the right visual cortex.

Question 27

What is the function of the broca’s area?

Answer 27

Responsible for speech production.

Question 28

What is the function of the wernicke’s area?

Answer 28

Responsible for language comprehension.

Question 29

Who discovered the broca’s area?

Answer 29

Paul Broca.

Question 30

Who discovered the wernicke’s area?

Answer 30

Carl Wernicke.

Question 31

How was the broca’s area discovered?

Answer 31

Paul Broca treated a patient who he referred to as Tan as that was the only syllable he could express.
He had an unusual disorder where he could understand spoken language however unable to speak or express thoughts in writing.

Question 32

How was the werknicke’s area discovered?

Answer 32

Through Carl Wernicke’s patients where he described them as being able to produce language but had severe difficulties understanding it therefore their speech was fluent but meaningless.

Question 33

Where is the broca’s area located?

Answer 33

Frontal lobe of the left hemisphere.

Question 34

Where is the wernicke’s area located?

Answer 34

Left temporal lobe in the left hemisphere.

Question 35

What would happen if the broca’s area was injured?

Answer 35

Result in broca’s aphasia producing slow, laborious speech that lacks fluency.

Question 36

What would happen if the wernicke’s area was injured?

Answer 36

Result in wernicke’s aphasia producing impaired ability to grasp the meaning of spoken words and sentences but able to produce connected and fluent speech.