Biopsy 5

Question 1

Name the 5 senses.

Answer 1

Touch, Audition, Vision, Taste, Smell

Question 2

What is ‘sensation’ ?

Answer 2

• registration of physical stimuli from the environment by the sensory organ

Question 3

What is ‘perception’ ?

Answer 3

• interpretation of sensation by the brain

Question 4

Somatosensation consists of ?

Answer 4

• Hapsis
• Nocioception
• Proprioception

Question 5

Meaning of Hapsis?

Rapid or Slow?

Answer 5

• fine touch and pressure

- Mostly rapid

Question 6

Meaning of Nocioception?

Rapid or Slow?

Answer 6

• pain & temperature

- Slow

Question 7

Meaning of Proprioception?

Rapid or Slow?

Answer 7

• body awareness

- Rapid

Question 8

Are dendrites in sensory receptor specialised?

Answer 8

Yes.

- ion channels will only opened and lead to depolarisation if stimulated by the right external stimulus

Question 9

Describe the different lateralised effect caused by unilateral damage.

Answer 9

• Loss of Hapsis (fine touch and pressure) on the same side of the damage
• Loss of Nocioception (pain & Temp.) on opposite side of the damage

Question 10

State the 3 components in Somatic sensation.

Answer 10

• Touch
• Pain
• Limb proprioception

Question 11

What type of stimulation is Touch?

Answer 11

Mechanical stimulation

Question 12

What type of stimulation is Pain?

Answer 12

Heat, chemical, mechanical stimulation

Question 13

What type of stimulation is Limb proprioception?

Answer 13

Muscle, joint stimulation

Question 14

Axons that carry ‘pain’ is myelinated or unmyelinated?

Answer 14

Unmyelinated

Question 15

What is ‘receptive field’?

Answer 15

The area where there are sensory receptors that is sensitive to physical stimuli.

Question 16

What determine the sensitivity of a sensory system?

Answer 16

Size of the receptive field.

• The smaller the receptive fields, the greater the sensitivity.

Question 17

What is used to indicate how strong a stimulus is by the sensory receptors?

Answer 17

No. of action potential are fired

• the stronger the stimuli, the more action potentials are produced

Question 18

Name the brain regions that are involved in processing the 5 senses.

Answer 18

• vision (occipital/temporal/parietal)
• hearing (temporal)
• touch (parietal)
• taste (frontal)
• smell (frontal)

Question 19

Use of sensory pathway from periphery to cerebral cortex.

Answer 19

• to preserve spatial relations

Question 20

Why some parts of the body have more cortical space than others?
Example of these parts.

Answer 20

They have more receptors.

- hands, face

Question 21

What kind of sensation is Olfaction?

Answer 21

Chemical sensation

Question 22

Describe how Olfaction work.

Answer 22

Scent interacts with chemical receptors —> chemical dissolve in mucosa —> interacts with cilia

Question 23

The type of ion channels involved in membrane potential changes in Olfaction?

Answer 23

Metabotropic ion channels

Question 24

Odours entering one nostril are processed by the SAME or OPPOSITE side of the brain?

Answer 24

Same side.

Question 25

Smell senses bypass __?__ and go directly to __?__, then one goes to the __?__, another goes to the __?__

Answer 25

• thalamus
• amygdala & pyriform area
• limbic system (emotional response)
• orbitofrontal region (perception)

Question 26

State the 5 basic taste.

Answer 26

• salty
• sour
• sweet
• bitter
• unami (meaty/fat)

Question 27

Cranial nerves 7, 9 and 10 form __?__

Answer 27

Main gustatory nerve: the solitary tract

Question 28

Name the 2 pathways in solitary tract.

Answer 28

• sensation

- emotional and hormonal responses

Question 29

What combine to give us flavour?

Answer 29

Taste & Olfaction

Question 30

Brain can distinguish between orthonasal (nose) and retronasal (mouth) odours.
- True / False

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Explanation for Synesthesia.

Answer 31

Signals from receptors in one sensory system have diverted to the wrong part of the brain

Question 32

What is Synesthesia?

Answer 32

Experience 2 or more senses together from one stimuli.