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P1EXAM > Biophysics > Flashcards

Biophysics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the frequency of transvaginal USS

A

7.5MHz

(5 - 7.5 MHz)

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2
Q

USS in early pregnancy, embryonic pole seen but heartbeat not visible. What is the likely gestation?

A

5 weeks

Gestational sac visible 4+3
Yolk sac visible 5 - 5+3
Embryonic pole visible 5+3 - 6/40

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3
Q

At what HCG should a pregnancy be visible on USS

A

1000

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4
Q

When can Hysterosalpingography be done?

A

In the first 10 days of the proliferative phase (first part of cycle)

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5
Q

What day can a FHR first be seen?

A

Day 22

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6
Q

When the CRL is 10mm, what is the likely gestation?

A

7 weeks

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7
Q

When the CRL is 30mm, what is the likely gestation?

A

10 weeks

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8
Q

Proton relaxation occurs in which imaging

A

MRI

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9
Q

What word is used to describe areas appearing dark in ultrasound?

A

Anechoic

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10
Q

With regard to MRI scanning what is the SI unit measure of strength of magnetic field?

A

Tesla

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11
Q

The difference between the peak and the base line of ultrasound wave is called?

A

Amplitude

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12
Q

Diathermy plate partially detached with burn near it - aetiology?

A

Current density concentrated in smaller area where plate was attached

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13
Q

ECG: Regular, tachycardia, NN QRS, absent p wave.

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

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14
Q

In ECG which lead reflects the inferior wall of heart?

A

II, III, aVF

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15
Q

T wave inversion is a sign of what electrolyte imbalance?

A

Hypokalaemia

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16
Q

6/40 with PVB. USS foetal pole with CRL of 4mm, no foetal heart action. Diagnosis?

A

Non viable pregnancy

(different from booklet)
My notes say at 6/40 and CRL >2mm expect to see the FH

17
Q

Piezoelectric used in

A

USS

18
Q

In ECG, T wave represents

A

Ventricular repolarization

19
Q

Cauterization of large area with appearance of smoke

A

Fulguration

20
Q

There are 3 components of interaction of ultrasound with the tissue medium: absorption, scattering, and the third one is -

A

Reflection

21
Q

cervical cancer; RT by gamma-emitting isotopes containing Casieum 137 on her vagina. This type of therapy is …

A

Brachytherapy

22
Q

What type of Laser is Neodymium: YAG laser?

A

solid laser

23
Q

Areas appear dark or black in ultrasound?

A

Anechoic

24
Q

What is the unit of ionizing radiation dose in RT?

A

Gray

25
Q

Which element is impacted by MRI

A

hydrogen

26
Q

In which test is there the maximum radiation exposure?
Hystero contrast salpingography
Hysterosalpingogram
Lap and dye test

A

Hysterosalpingogram

27
Q

What is Axial resolution?

A

Axial resolution is the ability to see the two structures that are side by side as separate

Achieved with higher frequency, high resolution, low penetration (like with TVUS)

28
Q

How does USS cause tissue damage?

A

Thermal - TIS - soft tissue (T1)
Thermal - TIB - bone (T2/3)
Cavitation - MI (mechanical)

29
Q

What is the SI unit of diathermy power?

A

Power: Watts

Contrast:
Frequency is measured in Hertz

30
Q

6/40
Gestational sac 23mm
Foetal pole 4mm
(No FH)

A

Gestational sac 4+3 (3mm)
Yolk sac 5 to 5+3 (3mm) (GS10mm)
Embryonic pole 5+3 - 6 (3mm) (GS16mm)

Gestational sac is appropriate for 6/40
At CRL >2mm, expect to see an FH
So not clear re FH in this one

31
Q

How many mGrays are delivered to maternal breast tissue during CTPA

A

? 20 mGrays

32
Q

Electrosurgery frequency
Cutting / coagulation using high frequency electrical current

A

300kHz to 3MHz

33
Q

What USS probe should be used in obese patients

A

Low frequency
Low resolution
gives
High penetration
(like a trans abdo mode)

34
Q

What unit measures radiation dose e.g. from CXR/CT

A

mSv
mili sievert

35
Q

One small square on ECG = how many seconds

A

0.04 seconds

36
Q

Normal variations seen in ECG of a pregnant person

A

Lead III - TWI and Q waves
aVF - Q waves

37
Q

What is the contrast dye used in MRI scans?

A

Gaudolinium

38
Q

What is the SI unit for the activity of radioactive decay?

A

becquerel (Bq)

P1EXAM (27 decks)

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