Anatomy Part 2 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Bones of the pelvis

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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Name x3 coccygeus muscles from ant to post + 1 other

Pubococcygeus - levator ani
Ileococcygeus - levator ani
Ischiococcygeus
Piriformis

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Median and medial umbilical ligaments: position and remnant of?

Median in the middle, remnant of urachus
Medial is Lateral, occluded umbiLical artery

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3 muscles of anterior urogenital triangle (superficial)

Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Superficial Transverse perineal

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3 muscles of deep perineal space

Compressor urethrae
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
(These 2 combined = external urethral sphincter)
Deep transverse perineal space

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3 Posterior branches of internal iliac

Ileolumbar artery
Lateral sacral artery
Superior gluteal artery

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3 anterior branches of internal iliac related to the bladder

Umbilical artery
Superior vesicle artery
Inferior vesicle artery

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3 anterior branches of internal iliac related to the visceral structures

Uterine artery
Vaginal artery
Middle rectal artery

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3 anterior branches of internal iliac related to the body wall

Obturator artery
Inferior gluteal artery
Internal pudendal artery ->

gives inferior rectal branch

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Internal pudendal artery 2 key branches
1 further sub branch

Internal pudendal artery
- inferior rectal branch
- Perineal branch -> labial branch

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Innervation of perineum
4 key nerves
3 sub branches of the first nerve

Perineal nerve
- inferior rectal branch
- labial branch
- clitoral branch
Pudendal nerve (s234)
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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Aponeuroses above the arcuate line
Relative to rectus abdominis

External oblique - anterior
Internal oblique - anterior and posterior
Transversus abdominis - posterior

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Aponeuroses below the arcuate line
Relative to rectus abdominis

External oblique, internal oblique and transversus all pass anterior to rectus abdominis

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Origin of external oblique

Digitisations of lower 8 ribs

From higher up goes down

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Origins of internus oblique

Thoraco-lumbar fascia
Lateral inguinal ligament
Medial half iliac crest

From bottom goes up

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Inner stain of anterior abdominal wall
Ext oblique
Int oblique / transversus
Obstetric surgery area of innervation

Ext oblique - T7 - T12
Int oblique / transversus - T7 - T12 + L1
Obstetric surgery area of innervation - T11, T12, L1

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Vasculature of abdo wall
X2 key vessels

External iliac -> *inferior epigastric artery

Internal thoracic artery -> *superior epigastric artery

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Posterior abdo wall
3 key muscles

Psoas major
Erector spinae
Quadratus lumborum

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Lymph drainage of ovarian and Fallopian tube

Para aortic

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Lymph drainage of fundus of uterus

Para aortic / lumbar / superficial inguinal

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Lymph drainage of body of uterus

Internal iliac

Lymph drainage of cervix

External iliac

Lymph drainage of upper vagina

Internal and external iliac

Lymph drainage of lower vagina

Inguinal

Lymph drainage of bladder

External, internal and common iliac lymph nodes

Inguinal canal borders

Posterior: conjoint tendon, transversalis fascia Superior: internal oblique, transversus abdominis Anterior: external oblique Aponeuroses, internal oblique muscle Floor: inguinal ligament

Femoral triangle contents

NAV(node) Y fronts Fermoral nerve, Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Deep inguinal nodes

Femoral triangle boundaries

SAiL Lateral medial superior: Sartorius Adductor Longus Inguinal ligament

Femoral RING boundaries

NAV(ring) Y fronts Lateral: vein Posterior: pectineus, pectineal ligament, Astley cooper ligament Medial: lacunar ligament Anterior: inguinal ligament

What is inside the femoral RING or CANAL

Fat Cloquet’s node

What is inside femoral SHEATH

Artery Vein Canal/ring

Lumbar Plexus T12 - L4 (5 nerve roots) Come in pairs of roots or less

T12, L1 Iliohypograstric nerve L1 Ilioinguinal nerve L1, L2 Genitofemoral nerve L2, L3 Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve L2, L4 Femoral nerve L2, L4 Obturator nerve

Sacral Plexus L4 - S4 (6 nerve roots) Come in triplets of roots or more

L4, L5, S1 Superior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2 Inferior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 Sciatic nerve S1, S2, S3 Posterior femoral cutaneous S2, S3, S4 Pudendal nerve

Path of ureters

Infero-medically along psoas Posterior pelvic brim Anterior to bifurcation of common iliac vessels Crossed by the uterine arteries Pierce the cardinal and broad ligament

Boundaries of ovarian fossa

Superior - external iliac vessel Posterior - internal iliac vessels and ureters Floor - Obturator nerv Anterior - obliterated umbilical artery

Boundaries of greater sciatic foramen

Superior - sacroiliac ligament Medial - sacrotuberous ligament Inferior - sacrospinous ligament Lateral - greater sciatic notch

Boundaries of lesser sciatic foramen

Anterior (/inferior) - ischial tuberosity Lateral - lesser sciatic notch Superior - sacrospinous ligament POSTERIOmedial - sacrotuberous ligament

Contents of greater sciatic foramen 1 muscle, 3 vessels

Piriformis Superior gluteal A&V Inferior gluteal A&V Internal Pudendal A&V

Contents of greater sciatic foramen 7 Nerves

Sciatic —> (superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, pudendal) Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Nerve to quadratus femoris Nerve to obturator internus

Contents of lesser sciatic foramen

Internal pudendal artery and vein Pudendal nerve (re entering) Nerve to obturator internus Obturator internus tendon

Where does the ovarian vein return to on the right and left respectively?

Right --> inferior vena cava Left --> left renal vein

What arteries supply the: foregut midgut (ascending colon to proximal 2/3 transverse colon) hindgut

foregut - coeliac artery midgut - superior mesenteric artery hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery

Branches of coeliac trunk

Left gastric artery Splenic artery Common hepatic artery (on the right)

Branches of SMA - superior mesenteric artery

middle colic right colic ileocolic

Branches of IMA - inferior mesenteric artery

left colic sigmoid branches superior rectal artery

Rectum lower 1/3 Anal canal

Rectum lower 1/3 - internal iliac (middle rectal) Anal canal - Internal pudendal (inferior rectal) artery)

Generally veins follow arteries in GI system except 2 key exceptions

mid/hind gut --> hepatic portal vein inferior mesenteric vein --> splenic vein

Which nerve plexus carries mixed autonomic signals to pelvis

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Which nerve plexus / nerve carries sympathetic autonomic signals to pelvis

thoracolumbar splanchnic nerves --> superior hypogastric plexus Sacral splanchnic nerve

Which nerve plexus / nerve carries parasympathetic autonomic signals to pelvis

Pelvic splanchnic nerves