Biomaterials

Question 1

Biomaterials

Answer 1

-restoring function and facilatating healing for people after injury or disease
-may be natural or synthetic, must be BIOCOMPATIBLE

Question 2

Biocompatability

Answer 2

-the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application

Question 3

Advantages of metals

Answer 3

Most commonly usef
- strong, resist fracture high mechanical strength
-easily formed into complex structures (deformable)

Question 4

Disadvantages of metals

Answer 4

-susceptibility to corrosion
-stress sheilding
-wear debris

Question 5

Different kinds of metals

Answer 5

-iron-base alloys(stainless-steel)
-cobalt-base alloys
-titanium base alloys

Question 6

Material selection criteria of metals

Answer 6

-mechanical loading requirements
-chemical + structural properties of the material

Question 7

Advantages of glass and ceramics

Answer 7

-Very biocompatible with bone
-Low wear rates, resist to microbial attacks
-very stiff and high melting poin t

Question 8

Disadvantages of glass and ceramics

Answer 8

-brittle
-potential to fail catastrophically
-difficult to construct
-ceramics cannot be reshaped

Question 9

Bioactive ceramics

Answer 9

-certain compositions of glass and ceramics that stimulate bonding
-important in securing orthopedic medical devices (such as replacement hips, knees and spinal fusion)

Question 10

Bone grafts

Answer 10

Made of synthetic material
-work by stimulating the body to form natural bone

Question 11

Spinal fusion

Answer 11

Join together 2 bones(vertebrae) in the spine to stop movement between them

Question 12

Polymers

Answer 12

-a large molecule composed of repeating structural units (monomers)
-they resemble natural materials
-their chemical bonding + structire can be modified to have flexible, rigid, low strength or high strength materials
-can be permanent or biodegradable

Question 13

Natural polymeric materials

Answer 13

wool,silk, and natural rubber

Question 14

Synthetic polymers

Answer 14

nylon, PVC, polystrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone

Question 15

Advantages of natural materials

Answer 15

-more biocompatible then synthetic
-can recognize and process whats around them

Question 16

Disadvantages of natural materials

Answer 16

lot to lot variability
-structural complexity
-inadequate biomechanical properties

Question 17

Composites

Answer 17

Made by mixing 2 components, molding, compacting, or chemically reacting them together
Fiberglass or Carbonfiber

Question 18

Vascular grafting

Answer 18

-the use of tansplanted or prosthetic blood vessels in surgical procedures
-surgical bypass treats narrowed arteries by creating a detour around the blocked section
-always blood to flow through a new pathwsy

Question 19

Coronary artery bypass graft

Answer 19

issued for people with occluded coronary arteries (can be more than 1 graft required)

Question 20

Atherosclerosis

Answer 20

-Thickening of arterial wall, formation of plaque
-Leads to loss of suffiecient blood to the myocardium which can be a heart attack

Question 21

Vascular Stents

Answer 21

-Used to provide support for a blood vessel
- Placed by inflating a ballor within the narrowed blood vessel then deflating it to place the stent

Question 22

Complications of Vascular stents

Answer 22

vascular injury or regrowth of scar tissue around the stent which renarrows the blood vessel
-Drug can be used to prevent blockage