Biology Unit 1 Booklet 3 Biomolecules, Enzymes and Digestion Flashcards
Monomers to a polymer
Condensation reactions
Atoms made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sometimes nitrogen ( held together by covalent bonds )
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Polymer to a monomer
Hydrolysis reaction
Carbohydrate contain the elements
Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Carbohydrates include sweet tasting soluble sugars such as
Glucose
Sucrose
Lactose
Carbohydrates include large polymers such as
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
General formula of a monosaccharide
(CH2O) n
Glucose is a _____________ sugar with the formula _______________
Hexose sugar
C6 H12 O6
Glucose has many isomers but the two most important ones are
Alpha glucose
Beta glucose w
Difference between alpha and beta glucose
The OH and the H atoms on carbon 1 are switched
Alpha glucose polymerises into
Starch
Beta glucose polymerises into
Cellulose
Test for reducing sugars
Benedict’s test
Food sample dissolved in water
Equal volume of Benedict’s reagent
Heat in water bath. If present, solution turns from blue to orange brown
Glucose linked to glucose forms
Maltose
Glucose linked to fructose forms
Sucrose
Glucose linked to galactose forms
Lactose
When water is lost in a condensation reaction a _______________ bond is formed
Glycosidic bond
Test for non reducing sugars
Heat with Benedict’s and see no colour change
Boil fresh sample with dilute HCl and then neutralise with NaHCO3
Reheat with Benedict’s and obverse colour change, blue to orange red