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Biology > Biology Test 2 > Flashcards

Biology Test 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Unicellular?

A

Single celled life

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability of organisms to regulate internal conditions despite change in external conditions.

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2
Q

Multicellular?

A

Many celled

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3
Q

Energy

A

The ability to get work done

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4
Q

How do things get energy

A

From either photosynthesis or eating a photosynthesized thing

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5
Q

What is a consumer?

A

One that eats producers to get energy

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6
Q

What is a producer?

A

One that uses photosynthesis to obtain energy

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7
Q

adaptation?

A

A trait that allows an organism to better survive in its environment

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8
Q

Example of adaptation

A

Camouflage

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9
Q

What are the different types of reproduction?

A

Sexual & Asexual

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10
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Needs another organism to reproduce

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11
Q

Asexual Reproduction?

A

When a cell or life form splits into two

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12
Q

What’re the characteristics of life?

A 
Homeostasis 
Organized of Cells
Growth
Stimulus Response 
Energy Required 
Adaptation to Environment
Reproduce 
Die
Excrete 
Require water
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13
Q

Formula of Glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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14
Q

Cell energy formula

A

6CO2 + 6H2O

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15
Q

Who created the first microscope?

A

Anton von Leewenhoek

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16
Q

What were the first molecules observed from?

A

Pond water

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17
Q

What were the things in pond water originally called?

A

Animalcules

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18
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

No nuclei. DNA is not separated from the ret of the cell. Usually unicellular

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19
Q

What is a Eukaryote?

A

Contains nucleus that separates DNA from the rest if the cell. Mostly multicellular

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20
Q

What was disproved in 1827

A

Sperm isn’t tiny babies

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21
Q

What did Robert Hooke observe a thin slice of?

A

Cork

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22
Q

Who named cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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23
Q

State the Cell Theory

A

The generalization that all living things are composed of cells and that cells are the basic unit of structure

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24
Q

Theodar Schwann

A

Animals are made up of cells

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25
Q

Mathais Schlieden

A

Plants are made up of cells

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26
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

Cells come from cells

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27
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The tendency for molecules to spread out into available space

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28
Q

What happens to your blood cell if there is too much water in your blood?

A

The sellable gain water, swell and explode

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29
Q

What is an active transport?

A

Transport that requires energy

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30
Q

What are some of the requirements to move molecules?

A

Energy, and a doorway

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31
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Process of materials inside the cell being released outside the cell

32
Q

What is passive cellular transport?

A

Transport of materials in or out of the so that does not require cell energy

33
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

Allows some substances to cross the membrane more easily than others and it blocks the passage of some substances altogether

34
Q

Osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

35
Q

Hypertonic?

A

More solute

36
Q

Hypotonic?

A

Less solute

37
Q

Facilitated diffusion?

A

The movement of a molecule through a membrane protein from high to low concentration

38
Q

Transport proteins?

A

Integral proteins that allow materials to pass through the membranes

39
Q

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A

Energy used – electron
Magnification - 100,000
Used for - surfaces (3D)
This advantage – requires a vacuum chamber & can’t see inside

40
Q

Stereo microscope (SM)

A

Used for - seeing surfaces of multicellular structures (like skin) in classrooms study cells and parts.
Disadvantages - and not see within specimen low magnification
Magnification - 30x

41
Q

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

A

Energy used - electron
Magnification - 300,000
Used for - seeing inside
Diadvantages – produces flat image. Kills specimen

42
Q

Compound light microscope (CM)

A

Magnification - 3000X
Disadvantages - limited resolution
Energy - light
Used for - 3d image

43
Q

What is the function of plasma membranes?

A

And bring separates the interior of a cell from the outside environment

44
Q

Where is the nucleus located?

A

The center of the cell

45
Q

Cytosol

A

Solution of water, ions and macromolecules

46
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Holds most organelles

47
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton

A

I support, maintains the shape of the cell, hold many organelles in place, can hope the sound booth.

48
Q

Is the cytoskeleton made of?

A

Fiberous proteins

49
Q

Can ribosomes be found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Yes

50
Q

What is the Golgi body/apparatus

A

Stack of flat membrane sacks

51
Q

Describe the Golgi and ER interact

A

The ER has ribosomes that produce proteins. Proteins are then transported to the Goldy apparatus where post transport modifications occur

52
Q

What is the middle lamella

A

Holds together the primary ball and the secondary wall in plant cells

53
Q

What does fluid Mosaic mean?

A

It is called Mosaic because the proteins are embedded in that phospholipids like a mosaic and fluid because Helaire itself is somewhat fluid

54
Q

How do membranes help with a cell communication and with the transport of materials?

A

Membranes regulate the transport of substances

55
Q

Chloroplast

A

The organelle that shops light and converts it to chlorophyll

56
Q

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

A

Contains own DNA, two outer membrane sacks inner green sacs/powerpacks

57
Q

What is the function of mitochondria

A

Turn the sugar into ATP (sell energy) in a process called cellular respiration

58
Q

What are the similarities and differences of cilia and flagella?

A

They are both cell organelles. Structural early similar, cilia are short and there are more of them but flagella are longer and there are fewer of them

59
Q

How does the cytoskeleton help the amoeba move?

A

Cytoskeleton when rebuilds will cause the cell to move

60
Q

Phosphate head?

A

Hydrophilic

61
Q

Phospholipid Byler

A

Two tales made of fatty acid. Hydrophobic tails

62
Q

Cholesterol

A

Used to help keep the membrane fluid like/liquid

63
Q

Carbohydrate tags attached on outside

A

Used as identification

64
Q

Properties allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through a membrane

A

If they are tiny and have no charge

65
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The tendency for molecules to spread out into available space

66
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

The state when the concentration of a molecule is the same through the environment but the molecules don’t stop moving

67
Q

Facilitated

A

Uses protein (doorway)

68
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water

69
Q

Millimeters 2 micrometers

A

1000 mm in one micrometer

70
Q

How do you find the magnification?

A

Eye piece times objective

71
Q

Nucleus

A

Stores DNA which tells the cell what to do

72
Q

What is the dark region of the nucleus

A

Nucleolus (extra DNA) place where ribosomes are made

73
Q

What is the function of the Golgi body

A

Modifies stuff from lipids and proteins and adds chemicals and folds

74
Q

Lysosomes

A

& To fill the socks used to digest materials

75
Q

Vesicles

A

Carries from rough ER to the Golgi

76
Q

What is the thing that is made up of cellulose and is found outside the cell membrane implants

A

Cell wall

77
Q

Being shaped organelle that burns glucose and stores energy is ATP

A

Mitochondria

Biology (15 decks)

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