BIOLOGY - Biomolecules

Question 1

building of organic molecules by living organisms

Answer 1

Biosynthesis

Question 2

sugars and starches C, H, O

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

fats and oils C, H, O

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

muscle and enzymes C, H, O, N

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

DNA and RNA C, H, O, N, P

Answer 5

Nucleic Acid

Question 6

Biological function of carbohydrates

Answer 6

Source of energy

Question 7

Biological function of lipids

Answer 7

Store energy

Question 8

Biological function of Proteins

Answer 8

building and repairing cells, metabolism: speeds up or slows down chemical reactions

Question 9

Proteins are polymers made of monomers called ?

Answer 9

Amino Acids

Question 10

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the cell

Answer 10

Enzymes

Question 11

Biological function of Nucleic Acids

Answer 11

information called genes, determines physical appearance

Question 12

Give the monomers for each biomolecule

Answer 12

Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides
Lipids - 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Proteins - amino acids
Nucleic Acids - nucleotides

Question 13

Each DNA nucleotide has one of which bases?

Answer 13

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 14

the most abundant biological molecule

Answer 14

Carbohydrates

Question 15

The formula for a carbohydrate is

Answer 15

(CH2O)n

Question 16

Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 16

• nutritional
• structural
• information
• osmotic pressure regulation (bacteria)

Question 17

Carbohydrates also can combine with lipids
to form ?

Or with proteins to form ?

Answer 17

Glycolipids
Glycoproteins

Question 18

Sugars that contain an aldehyde group are
called

Answer 18

Aldoses

Question 19

Sugars that contain a keto group are called

Answer 19

Ketoses

Question 20

All carbohydrates can be classified as
either:

Answer 20

– Monosaccharides
–Disaccharides
–oligosaccharides or Polysaccharides.

Question 21

Cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates

Answer 21

Monosaccharides

Question 22

Bond when two monosaccharides join to form a Disaccharide.

Answer 22

Glycosidic Bond

Question 23

Types of Disaccharides

Answer 23

Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose)
Lactose (Galactose + Glucose)
Maltose (Glucose + Glucose)

Question 24

This is the breaking down of a glycosidic bond. Water is added.

Answer 24

Hydrolysis

Question 25

Two types of Polysaccharides

Answer 25

- HOMOpolysaccharides: one type of monomer - HETEROpolysaccharides: multiple types of monomer

Question 26

The Lipid Family

Answer 26

Triglycerides (Fats, oils, predominate in food and in the body) Phospholipids Sterols

Question 27

Functions of Lipids

Answer 27

Energy storage Generally insoluble in water Also function as structural components of cells

Question 28

Common building block for most lipids

Answer 28

Fatty acids

Question 29

Structure of fat

Answer 29

Glycerol (3C Alcohol) + Fatty Acids

Question 30

Solid at room temperature, most of these are from animal fats

Answer 30

Saturated Fat

Question 31

Vegetable oil, healthier version of fats. Liquid at room temperature

Answer 31

Unsaturated Fats

Question 32

Processed foods, more saturated than fatty acids, hydrogenated fatty acids More saturated than natural vegetable oils

Answer 32

Trans-Fatty Acids

Question 33

Makes oil more manageable at room temperature

Answer 33

Hydrogenation

Question 34

Bending. Happens in double bonds

Answer 34

Kink

Question 35

Structure of Phospholipids

Answer 35

Glycerol + 2 Fatty Acids + PO4 (Negative charge)

Question 36

Example of this: cholesterol, sex hormones

Answer 36

Steroids

Question 37

Only found in food derived from animals. Made in liver from carbs, protein, fat

Answer 37

Cholesterol

Question 38

Associated with high risk of heart attack

Answer 38

Low density Lipoprotein

Question 39

Protective effect for heart

Answer 39

High Density Lipoprotein

Question 40

Constitute and carry the genetic information necessary for cell functioning and survival

Answer 40

Nucleic Acid

Question 41

Has only hydrogen in carbon number two

Answer 41

Deoxyribose

Question 42

Has oxygen and hydrogen in carbon number 2

Answer 42

Ribose

Question 43

Three parts of nucleotide

Answer 43

Nitrogen Base Pentose Sugar Phosphate group

Question 44

Double ting N base Adenine and Guanine

Answer 44

Purine

Question 45

Single ring N base Cytosine Thymine Uracil

Answer 45

Pyrimidines

Question 46

Repository of genetic information; sequence of bases encodes the blueprint for life processes

Answer 46

DNA

Question 47

Information in the form of base sequence is transformed inti mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

Answer 47

RNA

Question 48

Ester bonds that form between sugar and phosphate to form backbone of nucleic acid

Answer 48

Phosphodiester Bond

Question 49

Functional products of genes Executes cellular function

Answer 49

Protein

Question 50

Counterpart of glycosidic bonds for lipids

Answer 50

Ester linkage