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2ND QUARTER > BIOLOGY - Biomolecules > Flashcards

BIOLOGY - Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

building of organic molecules by living organisms

A

Biosynthesis

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2
Q

sugars and starches C, H, O

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

fats and oils C, H, O

A

Lipids

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4
Q

muscle and enzymes C, H, O, N

A

Proteins

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5
Q

DNA and RNA C, H, O, N, P

A

Nucleic Acid

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6
Q

Biological function of carbohydrates

A

Source of energy

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7
Q

Biological function of lipids

A

Store energy

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8
Q

Biological function of Proteins

A

building and repairing cells, metabolism: speeds up or slows down chemical reactions

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9
Q

Proteins are polymers made of monomers called ?

A

Amino Acids

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10
Q

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the cell

A

Enzymes

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11
Q

Biological function of Nucleic Acids

A

information called genes, determines physical appearance

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12
Q

Give the monomers for each biomolecule

A

Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides
Lipids - 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Proteins - amino acids
Nucleic Acids - nucleotides

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13
Q

Each DNA nucleotide has one of which bases?

A

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

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14
Q

the most abundant biological molecule

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

The formula for a carbohydrate is

A

(CH2O)n

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16
Q

Functions of Carbohydrates

A
  • nutritional
  • structural
  • information
  • osmotic pressure regulation (bacteria)
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17
Q

Carbohydrates also can combine with lipids
to form ?

Or with proteins to form ?

A

Glycolipids
Glycoproteins

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18
Q

Sugars that contain an aldehyde group are
called

A

Aldoses

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19
Q

Sugars that contain a keto group are called

A

Ketoses

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20
Q

All carbohydrates can be classified as
either:

A

– Monosaccharides
–Disaccharides
–oligosaccharides or Polysaccharides.

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21
Q

Cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

22
Q

Bond when two monosaccharides join to form a Disaccharide.

A

Glycosidic Bond

23
Q

Types of Disaccharides

A

Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose)
Lactose (Galactose + Glucose)
Maltose (Glucose + Glucose)

24
Q

This is the breaking down of a glycosidic bond. Water is added.

A

Hydrolysis

25
Q

Two types of Polysaccharides

A
  • HOMOpolysaccharides: one type of monomer
  • HETEROpolysaccharides: multiple types of monomer
26
Q

The Lipid Family

A

Triglycerides (Fats, oils, predominate in food and in the body)
Phospholipids
Sterols

27
Q

Functions of Lipids

A

Energy storage
Generally insoluble in water
Also function as structural components of cells

28
Q

Common building block for most lipids

A

Fatty acids

29
Q

Structure of fat

A

Glycerol (3C Alcohol) + Fatty Acids

30
Q

Solid at room temperature, most of these are from animal fats

A

Saturated Fat

31
Q

Vegetable oil, healthier version of fats. Liquid at room temperature

A

Unsaturated Fats

32
Q

Processed foods, more saturated than fatty acids, hydrogenated fatty acids

More saturated than natural vegetable oils

A

Trans-Fatty Acids

33
Q

Makes oil more manageable at room temperature

A

Hydrogenation

34
Q

Bending. Happens in double bonds

A

Kink

35
Q

Structure of Phospholipids

A

Glycerol + 2 Fatty Acids + PO4 (Negative charge)

36
Q

Example of this: cholesterol, sex hormones

A

Steroids

37
Q

Only found in food derived from animals. Made in liver from carbs, protein, fat

A

Cholesterol

38
Q

Associated with high risk of heart attack

A

Low density Lipoprotein

39
Q

Protective effect for heart

A

High Density Lipoprotein

40
Q

Constitute and carry the genetic information necessary for cell functioning and survival

A

Nucleic Acid

41
Q

Has only hydrogen in carbon number two

A

Deoxyribose

42
Q

Has oxygen and hydrogen in carbon number 2

A

Ribose

43
Q

Three parts of nucleotide

A

Nitrogen Base
Pentose Sugar
Phosphate group

44
Q

Double ting N base
Adenine and Guanine

A

Purine

45
Q

Single ring N base
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

A

Pyrimidines

46
Q

Repository of genetic information; sequence of bases encodes the blueprint for life processes

A

DNA

47
Q

Information in the form of base sequence is transformed inti mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

A

RNA

48
Q

Ester bonds that form between sugar and phosphate to form backbone of nucleic acid

A

Phosphodiester Bond

49
Q

Functional products of genes
Executes cellular function

A

Protein

50
Q

Counterpart of glycosidic bonds for lipids

A

Ester linkage

2ND QUARTER (14 decks)

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