Biology 6.3.7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Very Clear Piece of Evidence for Evolution in Species?

A

The Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria.

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2
Q

What is an ‘Antibiotic’?

A

An Antibiotic is a Chemical that can Kill, or Inhibit the Growth & Reproduction of, Bacteria.

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3
Q

Why are Antibiotics Extremely Useful to Humans?

A

Antibiotics are Extremely Useful to Humans, as Some Bacteria are Pathogenic, & Can Cause Life-Threatening Disease.

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4
Q

Bacteria Reproduce, on Average, Every 20 Minutes. Therefore, ___ Occurs in a Much ___ Time-Span.

A

Evolution, Shorter.

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5
Q

As with All Other Organisms, Within a Population of Bacteria, there Will be ___, Caused by Mutations.

A

Variation.

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6
Q

A ___ Might Cause Some Bacteria to Become Resistant to a Certain Antibiotic.

A

Mutation.

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7
Q

Explain the Process of ‘Development of Antibiotic Resistance in a Population of Bacteria (in the Gut)’: (3)

A

-A Population of Bacteria in the Gut. Some Have Antibiotic Resistance.

-When Exposed to an Antibiotic, the Bacteria Causing an Illness in the Person, as well as the Healthy Gut Bacteria, are Killed.

-With Reduced Competition for Nutrients, the Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Multiply, Forming a Larger Population, that is Difficult to Control.

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8
Q

What can you Say about the Bacteria Plasmids with Antibiotic-Resistant Genes?

A

Bacteria Plasmids with Antibiotic-Resistant Genes Can be Shared Between Bacteria of Both the Same Species, as well as with Different Species.

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9
Q

What Human Activity Increases the Rate of Antibiotic-Resistance Among Bacteria Across the World?

A

The Overuse of Antibiotics.

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10
Q

Increases in the Population of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Cause Infections & Diseases, which are ___ to Control, as it is Difficult top Find ___ that Certain Strains of Bacteria are Not Resistant to.

A

Harder, Antibiotics.

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11
Q

Why is it Constantly Becoming Increasingly Difficult for Scientists to Develop New Antibiotics?

A

Due to Bacteria Always Evolving (eg Via Mutations) to Develop Antibiotic-Resistance, it is becoming Increasingly Harder for Scientists to Come Up with New Antibiotics that the Bacteria are Not Resistant to. (“Scraping the Bottom of the Barrel”).

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12
Q

What is ‘MRSA’?

A

MRSA is a Very Dangerous Bacterial Strain, that is Resistant to Most Antibiotics that Humans have Developed.

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13
Q

Why is ‘MRSA’ Very Dangerous?

A

MRSA is a Very Dangerous Bacterial Strain, Because it is Resistant to Most Antibiotics that Humans have Developed.

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14
Q

If Someone gets Infected with MRSA, they Cannot be ___ Easily.

A

Treated.

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15
Q

Developing New Antibiotics is a Very ___ Process. This Factors in Towards the Slowing Down in the Discovery of New Antibiotics.

A

Costly.

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