Biology 6.1.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are ‘Gametes’?

A

Gametes are Sex Cells.

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2
Q

What are ‘Chromosomes’?

A

Chromosomes are Thread-Like Structures of DNA, Carrying Genetic Information in the Form of Genes. They are Located in the Nucleus of Cells.

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3
Q

What are ‘Genes’?

A

Genes are Short Lengths of DNA, Found on Chromosomes. They Code for Specific Proteins.

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4
Q

What are ‘Alleles’?

A

Alleles are Different Versions of a Particular Gene. EG Blue Eyes & Green Eyes are Alleles of the Eye Colour Gene.

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5
Q

What is a ‘Dominant Allele’?

A

A Dominant Allele is Always Expressed, even if only 1 Copy is Present.

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6
Q

What is a ‘Recessive Allele’?

A

A Recessive Allele is Only Expressed if 2 Copies are Present.

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7
Q

What is a ‘Homozygous’?

A

If the 2 Alleles of a Gene are the Same, we Describe the Individual as being Homozygous. (Homo = Same).

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8
Q

What is a ‘Genotype’?

A

The Combination of Alleles that Control Each Characteristic is Called the Genotype.

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9
Q

What is a ‘Phenotype’?

A

The Observable Characteristics of an Organism. EG Hair Colour.

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10
Q

Some Characteristics are Controlled by a Single Gene. The Inheritance of these Single Genes is Called…

A

Monohybrid Inheritance.

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11
Q

What is ‘Monohybrid Inheritance’?

A

The Inheritance of Single Genes that Control a Certain Characteristic.

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12
Q

As we have 2 Copies of Each Chromosome, we have 2 Copies of Each Gene, & therefore 2 ___ for Each Gene.

A

Alleles.

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13
Q

1 of the Alleles is Inherited from the ___, & the other from the ___.

A

Mother, Father.

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14
Q

Alleles do not have to ‘say’ the same thing. EG: an Individual has 2 Copies of the Gene for Eye Colour, but 1 ___ could be for Brown Eyes, & 1 ___ could be for Blue Eyes.

A

Allele, Allele.

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15
Q

The Combination of Alleles that Control Each Characteristic is Called the…

A

Genotype.

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16
Q

Alleles can be ___ or ___.

A

Dominant, Recessive.

17
Q

What Must happen in Order for a Dominant Allele Characteristic to Show Up in the Phenotype?

A

A Dominant Allele Only Needs to be Inherited from 1 Parent in Order for the Characteristic to Show Up in the Phenotype.

18
Q

What Must happen in Order for a Recessive Allele Characteristic to Show Up in the Phenotype?

A

A Recessive Allele Needs to be Inherited from Both Parents in Order for the Characteristic to Show Up in the Phenotype. In Other Words, in Order for a Recessive Allele to Appear in the Phenotype, there Must be no Dominant Alleles Present.

19
Q

What will Happen if there is Only 1 Recessive Allele?

A

If there is Only 1 Recessive Allele, it will Remain Hidden, & the Dominant Characteristic will Show in the Phenotype.

20
Q

If the 2 Alleles of a Gene are the Same, we Describe the Individual as Being…

A

Homozygous.

21
Q

An Individual could be Homozygous ___, or Homozygous ___. What do both mean? (2)

A

-Homozygous Dominant: Having 2 Copies of the Dominant Allele.

-Homozygous Recessive: Having 2 Copies of the Recessive Allele.

22
Q

If the 2 Alleles of a Gene are Different, we Describe the Individual as Being…

A

Heterozygous .

23
Q

Characteristics that are Controlled by More than One Gene are Described as Being…

A

Polygenic.

24
Q

The Inheritance of Polygenic Characteristics is Called…

A

Polygenic Inheritance.

25
Q

What Diagram can be Used to Predict Possible Combinations of Alleles?

A

Punnett Square.

26
Q

What does a ‘Punnett Square Diagram’ Show?

A

A Punnett Square Diagram Shows the Possible Combinations of Alleles that Could be Produced in the Offspring.

27
Q

What will be the Genotype for ‘rR’?

A

Heterozygous Dominant.

28
Q

What will be the Genotype for ‘RR’?

A

Homozygous Dominant.

29
Q

What will be the Genotype for ‘rr’?

A

Homozygous Recessive.