Biology 6.2.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ‘Variation’?

A

Variation is Defined as Differences Between Individuals of the Same Species.

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2
Q

What is ‘Phenotypic Variation’?

A

Phenotypic Variation is the Difference in Physical Features / Attributes Between Individuals of the Same Species.

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3
Q

Phenotypic Variation can be Caused in 2 Main ways: (3)

A

-Genetic Variation.

-Environmental Variation.

-Combination of Genetic & Environmental Variations.

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4
Q

Common Examples of Genetic Variation in Humans Include: (5)

A

-Blood Group.

-Eye Colour.

-Gender.

-Ability to Roll Tongue.

-Free or Fixed Earlobes.

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5
Q

What are the Main Environmental Factors that Can Affect the Characteristics of Organisms within a Species? (5)

A

-Climate.

-Diet.

-Accidents.

-Culture.

-Lifestyle.

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6
Q

What Affect will the Environmental Factor ‘Accidents’ Have on the Organism?

A

It may leave Scars.

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7
Q

What Affect will the Environmental Factors ‘Eating too Much, & Not Leading an Active Lifestyle’ Have on the Organism?

A

Weight Gain.

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8
Q

What Affect will the Environmental Factor ‘Being Raised in a Certain Country’ Have on the Organism?

A

Speak a Certain Language, with a Certain Accent.

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9
Q

What will happen to a Plant that is in the Shade of a Big Tree?

A

A Plant in the Shade of a Big Tree Will Grow Taller, to Reach More Light.

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10
Q

Some Features of a Person Vary, because of a Combination of ___ & ___ Factors.

A

Genetic, Environmental.

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11
Q

Explain an Example of a Feature in Humans that Varies, Based on a Combination of Both Genetic & Environmental Factors. (2)

A

-Genetic Factor: Tall Parents will Pass Genes to their Children for Height. Their Children have the Genetic Potential to also be Tall.

-Environmental Factor: However, if their Diet is Poor, & they Don’t Lead an Active Lifestyle, they will not Grow very well.

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12
Q

Genes Decide what Characteristics we ___, whereas the Surrounding Environment will Affect how these Inherited Characteristics ___ throughout our Lives.

A

Inherit, Develop.

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13
Q

There is Usually ___ Genetic ___ Within a Population of a Species.

A

Extensive, Variation.

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14
Q

What do all Genetic Variants arise from?

A

All Genetic Variants arise from Mutations.

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15
Q

What are ‘Mutations’?

A

Mutation are Random Genetic Changes that Occur Continuously.

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16
Q

Most Mutations Have no ___ on the ___. Why is this?

A

Effect, Phenotype. This is because the Protein that a Mutated Gene Produces may Work just as well as the Protein from the Non-Mutated Gene.

17
Q

Very Rarely, Mutations Lead to the Development of new ___, and so new ___. If they do, most only have a ___ Effect on the Organism overall.

A

Allele, Phenotype, Small.

18
Q

What may a Mutation that Affects the Phenotype of an Organism Lead to?

A

Occasionally, the new Allele, (Caused by the Mutation) that Affects the Phenotype, Gives the Organism a Survival Advantage over other Members of the Species.

19
Q

What may happen if the new Phenotype (Caused by a Mutation) is Better Suited to an Environmental Change?

A

If the New Phenotype (Caused by a Mutation) is Suited to an Environmental Change, it Can Lead to a Relatively Rapid Change in the Species.

20
Q

Explain an Example of when a New Phenotype (Caused by a Mutation) has led to a New Species. (4)

A

-A Moth Develops a Mutation, Leading to a Change in its Colour. (Mutation Causes New Allele, Causes New Phenotype).

-This Makes it Blend in Better with the Tree Bark it Lives on, & Less Visible to Predators, therefore Increasing Rate of Survival.

-This Moth has a Survival Advantage, & Breeds More Frequently, therefore Increasing its Chance of Passing on the Mutated Phenotype to the Next Generation of Moths.

-The New Colour Quickly Spreads Throughout the Species.