Biology 6.2.1.

Question 1

Biotechnology

Answer 1

the large-scale, industrial and commercial use of living organisms.

Question 2

Callus

Answer 2

undifferentiated, mass of identical cells.

Question 3

Clone

Answer 3

a cell/ organism that is genetically identical to another cell/ organism.

Question 4

Explant

Answer 4

the tissue removed from a plant/ animal in a cloning process. E.g. micropropagation.

Question 5

Immobilized enzyme

Answer 5

an enzyme which is attached to an insoluble material, so it can’t become mixed with the products of a reaction.

Question 6

Primary metabolite

Answer 6

molecule made in or needed for cell’s normal survival / function / growth / development / reproduction. E.g. (just need one named example) glucose, sucrose, CO2, ethanol.

Question 7

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Answer 7

enucleating an adult somatic cell and an adult egg cell of a different individual and placing the nucleus from the adult somatic cell into the enucleated egg cell, using an electric shock, before placing the embryo into a surrogate mother.