Biology 4.1.1. Disease factfiles

Question 1

MALARIA

1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
6. Transmission helped by
7. (Key points in life cycle)
8. Treatment
9. Prevention

Answer 1

1. Plasmodium (a protoctist)
2. Animals.
3. Indirect
4. When the blood of an infected person is carried to and between other people.
5. High fever, nausea, profuse sweating, diarrhoea.
6. Female Anopheles mosquito (is present in their salivary gland) [VECTOR]
7. Plasmodium reproduces inside the female mosquito (in the liver and RBC’s).
8. No cure.
9. insecticides to control female Anopheles mosquitoes, prevent biting by using nets/ screens etc.

Question 2

TUBERCULOSIS 
1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
6. Transmission helped by
7. 
8. Treatment 
9. Prevention
Extra

Answer 2

1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis.
2. Animals- typically humans and cattle.
3. Direct/ Indirect
4. Droplet infection/ bacteria remaining in the air for a long time and infecting new people.
5. Coughing and lung damage (as it destroys lung tissue and suppresses the immune system).
6. Overcrowding.
8. Antibiotics
9. Improve living standards and vaccinations. Test cattle more frequently.
10. The test for TB does not distinguish between an infected animal and a vaccinated animal, so current EU laws ban cattle vaccines.
    TB is an OPPORTUNITSTIC INFECTION.

Question 3

POTATO BLIGHT

1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
6. Transmission helped by
8. Treatment
9. Prevention

Answer 3

1. Protoctist.
2. Potatoes/ tomatoes.
3. Indirect and direct.
4. When spores (unicellular reproductive units in plants/ fungi) are carried between plants.
5. Leaves, tubers and fruit destroyed by hyphae penetrating host cells.
6. Air and water [VECTOR]
8. No cure
9. Culture resistant plants, reduce infection risk by careful management and chemical treatment.

Question 4

BLACK SIGATOKA

1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
8. Treatment
9. Prevention

Answer 4

1. Fungus
2. Banana plants
3. Indirect (spores dispersed by the wind or water splash) and direct.
4. Moving infected plants or spread of fungal spores.
5. Destroyed, black leaves (hyphae penetrate and digest the cells).
8. No cure.
9. Culture resistant strains of plants and use fungicide.

Question 5

HIV
1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
6. Transmission helped by
7. (Key points in life cycle)
8. Treatment 
9. Prevention
Extra

Answer 5

1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
2. Mainly humans- some primates
3. Direct
4. Exchange of bodily fluids. E.g. unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles, breastfeeding etc.
5. Headache, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, myalgia in muscles, fever, mouth sores.
6. Areas where there is limited access to good healthcare and good education.
8. No vaccine and no cure.
9. Antiretroviral drugs slow the progression of the disease.
10. AIDS is caused by HIV.

Question 6

RING ROT 
1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. 
5. Symptoms
6. 
7. 
8. Treatment 
9.

Answer 6

1. Bacterium
2. Potatoes/ tomatoes/ aubergines.
3. Indirect and direct.
5. Damages leaves, tubers and fruit.
8. No cure.
   9.

Question 7

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
8. Treatment
9. Prevention

Answer 7

1. Bacterium
2. Humans (affects the meninges of the brain, which are the protective membranes on the surface of the brain).
3. Direct
4. Droplet infection
5. Blotchy red/ purple rash that does not disappear when a glass is pressed against it.
8. Early delivery of antibiotics
9. Vaccines

Question 8

INFLUENZA 
1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
6.
7. 
8. Treatment 
9. Prevention

Answer 8

1. Virus
2. Animals
3. Direct
4. Droplet infection
5. Fever, aching muscles, chills and sweats, fatigue.
8. No cure.
9. Annual vaccines to vulnerable groups.

Question 9

RINGWORM 
1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
6. 
7. 
8. Treatment 
9.

Answer 9

1. Fungus
2. Cattle (+ dogs, cats and humans).
3. Direct
4. Touch
5. Causes grey-white, crusty, infectious, circular areas of skin.
8. Anti-fungal creams.
   9.

Question 10

TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS

1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
5. Symptoms
8. Treatment
9. Prevention

Answer 10

1. Virus
2. Plants
3. Direct/ indirect
5. Damaged leaves, flowers and fruit. Stunted growth and reduced yield.
8. No cure.
9. Use resistant crops.

Question 11

ATHLETE’S FOOT

1. Caused by
2. Type of organism affected
3. Transmitted by
4. Method of distribution
5. Symptoms
6. Transmission helped by
7. (Key points in life cycle)
8. Treatment
9. Prevention

Answer 11

1, Fungus (Tinia pedia)
2. Humans 
3. Direct
4. Touch
5. Cracking and scaling on the feet (which can become itchy and sore). 
6.
7. 
8. Antifungal creams 
9. Maintain good hygiene