Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Topic 1 Biology > Biology 1.1- Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Biology 1.1- Carbohydrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the structure of monosaccharides ?

A

They are simple sugars in which there is one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom present in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

They are made up of 2 monosaccharides joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of reaction do monosaccharides go under to form disaccharides

A

Condensation Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the general formula for monosaccharides

A

(CH20)x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the formula for triose sugars

A

C3H6O3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the formula for penotse sugars?

A

C5H10-05

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the formula for hexose sugars?

A

C6H1206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of structure does hexose sugars have

A

Ring structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are isomers

A

Isomers are molecules of the same formula but having a different arrangement of their atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a glycosidc bond?

A

the link between 2 monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of bond is glycosidic?

A

Covalent Bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe how a glycosidic bond is formed between 2 monosaccharides to form a disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides join in a condensation reaction to from a disaccharide and molecule of water is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Is a suagr made up of two monosaccharide units joined by glycosidc bond formed in a condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

Is a polymer made up of long chanins of monosaccharides units joined by glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the first benefit of polyscharrides being a strong molecule

A

They form very compact molecules so large number can be stored in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the second benefit of polyscharrides being a strong molecule

A

the glysodic bonds are easily broken allowing rapid release of monoscoharides units for cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the third benefit of polyscharrides being a strong molecule

A

They are not very soluble in water so have little effect on water potential within a cell and cause no osmotic water movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction

A

A water molecule is added to the bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of reaction breaks down the glyosidic bonds between two monoscaharides

A

hydrolysis reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In which places in the body does hydrolsis reactions take place

A

gut,muscle and liver cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the first step in the hydroliss reaction?

A

polyscahhrides are gradually broken down into shorter and shorter chains and eventually single sugars are left

22
Q

What is the second step in the hydrolisis reaction

A

Dissacharides break down to form two monoscharides

23
Q

Why does hydrolisis take place?

A

They break carbohydrate stores to release sugars for cellular respiration

24
Q

What is amylose

A

An unbranched polymer made up of 200 and 5000 molecules

25
Q

What is amylopeticin

A

a branched polymer of glcuose moleucles

26
Q

What is so good about amylopeticin

A

The branching chains have many termnials glucose molecules that can be broken off rapidly when energy is needed

27
Q

Amyleopticin and amylose are both long chain of what type of glucose molecules

A

weird a shape molecule

28
Q

What is the structure of amylose

A

made up of a-glucose molecules joined together by

1,4-glysodic bond

29
Q

Why does amylose have long unbranced chains

A

because it has 1,4-glysodic

30
Q

What is the strcuture of amylopeticin

A

the gluocse molecules are joined together by

1-4 glysocdic bonds but their are 1-6 glysodic bonds

31
Q

What is starch made up of ?

A

long chains of a-glucose

32
Q

Why is starch important in plants?

A

the sugars produced by photosynthesis are rapidly converted into starch which in insoluable and compact and can be broken down rapidly to release glucose when needed

33
Q

Where is glyocgen found?

A

Found in animals

34
Q

What is glyocgen made out of ?

A

a glucose units

35
Q

What type of bonds does glyocegn have

A

1-6 bond- glysodic bonds

36
Q

Why does glycogen have many branches

A

becasue it has 1-6 glyosidc bonds

37
Q

what is the result if glyocgen of having 1-6 glyosdic bonds

A

it can be broken down very easily

38
Q

explain how the chemical structure of cellulose differs from that of starch and how this affects the way they can be used to supply energy in animals

A

Starch is formed from alpha glucose,

while cellulose is made of beta glucose.

The difference in the linkages leads to differences in 3-D structure and function.

Starch can be straight or branched and is used as energy storage for plants because it can form compact structures and is easily broken down

39
Q

What is the cell wall made up of

A

insoluable cellouse

40
Q

What are the benfits of cellouse

A

Very strong

cellouse material do not recoil or spiral

41
Q

What is the diffrence between starch and cellouse chains wise

A

They remain in very long straight chains

42
Q

Draw Alpha glucose

A

check the book

43
Q

Draw Beta Glucose

A

Check the book

44
Q

Draw ribose

A

Check the book

45
Q

what is sucrose made up of

A

a- glucose and maltose

46
Q

What is lactose made of

A

a - glucose and B galactose

47
Q

What is maltose made up of

A

a glucose and a glucose

48
Q

how is the structure of polysaccharides related to their function

A

can form compact molecules- large numbers can be stored in a cell

glycsosidc bonds can be easily broken- allowing rapid release of monosaccharides for cellular resp

not very soluble in water -little effect on water potential within a cell and cause no osmostic water movements

49
Q

Draw A glucose

A

Look at the book

50
Q

Draw B glucose

A

Look at the book

51
Q

How does the arrangement of cellouse mircrofivrlis contribute to the physical properties of plant fibres

A

The net like arrangement of microfibirlis gives it tensile strength

52
Q

Compare the structure of cellouse molecule with the structure of starch

A

Both made of glucose
bOth have 1-4 glycosidc bonds made by condesnatio nreactions

However
Starch is A glucose and cellouse if made from B glucose
Starch is compsed more than one mioelcule amylose and amylpeotpctin

Amyloptectin in starch is branched and celllouse is straight chained

Topic 1 Biology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions