(3)- DNA and Protein Synthsis

Question 1

where is tRNA found

Answer 1

in the cytoplasm

Question 2

why is tRNA described as a clover leaf

Answer 2

it is the result of hydrogen bonding between different bases

Question 3

What is a anticodin

Answer 3

Sequence of the 3 bases

Question 4

What is the role of the binding site of the tRNA

Answer 4

It picks up one particular amino acid from the vast numbers always free in the cytoplasm

Question 5

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in tRNA

Answer 5

the tRNA molecules each carrying a specific amino acid line up along side the mRNA on the surface of the ribosome.
The anticodons of the tRNA line up with the codons of the mRNA held in place by hydrogen bonds between the corresponding bases

Question 6

What is the role of the anti codon in the tRNA

Answer 6

Their function is to base pair with the codon on a strand of mRNA during translation. This action ensures that the correct amino acid will be added to the growing polypeptide chain

Question 7

what is a mutation

Answer 7

is a permanent change in the DNA of an organism

Question 8

what is gene mutation (Point mutation)

Answer 8

is a change in one or a small number of nucleotides affecting a single gene

Question 9

an example of a gene mutation

Answer 9

when just one or a small number of nucleotides are miscopied during transcription during transcritpion

Question 10

what are subsititions

Answer 10

is a type of point mutation in which one base in a gene is substituted for another

Question 11

What are deletions

Answer 11

is a type of point mutation in which a base is complete lost

Question 12

What are insertions

Answer 12

when an extra base is added into a gene which may be a repeat or a different base

Question 13

What are chromosomal mutations

Answer 13

changes in the position of entire genes within a chromosome

Question 14

What are whole chromosome mutations

Answer 14

is the loss or duplication of a whole chromosome

Question 15

what is sickle cell disease

Answer 15

a genetic disease that affects the protein chains making up the haemoglobin in the red blood cells

Question 16

What causes sickle cell disease

Answer 16

a point mutation

Question 17

describe sickle disease

Answer 17

A change of one base in one codon changes a single amino acid in a chain of 147 amino acids but that change alters the nature of the protein as a result the haemoglobin molecules stick together to form rigid rods that give the red blood cells a sickle shape

Question 18

What are the properties of sickle cells

Answer 18

They do not carry oxygen efficiently
they block the smallest blood vessels
They have a sickle shape

Question 19

How does tRNA hold its clover leaf shape

Answer 19

This shape is the result of hydrogen bonds bonding between different bases

Question 20

What is the role of anticodons

Answer 20

Their function is to base pair with the codon on a strand of mRNA during translation

Question 21

what does 3 nucleotides make

Answer 21

1 amino acid

Question 22

Why is DNA helicase important

Answer 22

it breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases which allows the double helix strand to unzip to be replicated

Question 23

What is a gene mutation?

Answer 23

change in the sequence of base pairs in a DNA molecule that may result in an altered polypeptide

Question 24

What causes sickle cell anemia

Answer 24

Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by a point mutation in the protein haemoglobin.

Question 25

What is swapped in sickle cell amniea

Answer 25

The amino acid glutamic acid is replaced with valine

Question 26

What happens to the RBC sickle cell amenia

Answer 26

This causes red blood cells to become distorted, and they can no longer efficiently carry oxygen.