1.2 - Lipids Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Fats and oils are made up of two organic chemicals

what are they?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do fatty acids and glycerol combine

A

Ester bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In which 2 ways do fatty acids differ

A

The length of the carbon chain can differ

The fatty acid can be saturated fatty acid or unsaturated fatty acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid

A

A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid

A

the carbon chains have one or more double covlanet bond in them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a monosaturated fatty acid

A

Had one double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a polyunstarurated fatty acid

A

Had more than one double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does a fat or oil form

A

When glycerol combines with one,two or three fatty acids to form a diglyceride or triglysicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is esterfication

A

is the formation of ester bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is Triglycerides formed

A

Triglycerides are formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

A condensation reaction between glycerol and a fatty acid (R-COOH) forms an ester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When lipids are oxidised in respiration the bonds are broken down what is it broken down into

A

Carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When lipids are broken down and oxidised and their bonds are broken down what can this reaction be used to drive

A

The production of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the diffrence between lipids and carbohydrates

A

Lipids such as triglyidicde store about 3x as much energy as the same mass of carbohyrdates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pro of lipids being a a good insulator

A

A fatty sheath insulates your nerves so the eletrical impulse travels faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which lipid waterproofs the fur and feathers of mamals and birds

A

Oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do animals want to be insulated

A

too avoid heat loss

17
Q

Why can some animals float easily

A

Because lipids have very low density so the body fat of water mammals helps them float easily

18
Q

What is a phospholipid

A

is a chemical in which glycerol bonds with two fatty acids and ignoric phosphate group

19
Q

What ion is available in every cytoplasm

A

inorganic phospate ion

20
Q

How is a phosphilid formed

A

sometimes one of the hydroxl groups of glycerol undergoes and esterfication reaction with a phosphate group
Instead of a fatty acid

21
Q

Why are phosphilids important

A

becasue the lipid and phosphate parts of the molecule give it very diffrent properties

22
Q

The phosphate head carries what?

A

a small negative charge

23
Q

Is the phosphate head soluable or insoluable in water

A

soluable

24
Q

What happens when the phosphilids come into contact with water? -Head

A

2 parts of the molecule act differently

The polar phosphate part is hydrophillic and dissolves readily into water

If the molecules are tightly packed when they enter the water they form a monlayer

With the hydrophillic heads in the water

25
Q

What is a monolayer

A

is a single closely packed layer of atoms or molecules

26
Q

What are micelles

A

A spherical aggerate of molecules in water with hydrophobic areas in the middle and hydrophillic ares outside

27
Q

What happens in a micelle

A

All the hydrophliic heads point outwards and all the hydrophobic tails are inside

28
Q

What is a bilayer

A

is a double layer of closely packed atoms or molecules

29
Q

What is a unit membrane

A

is a bi-layer structure formed by phoslplhilds in a aqueous environment with the hydrophobic tails in the middle and the hydrophilic heads outside

30
Q

So what happens in the end when phosphiolds are in the water

A

With water on each side the phosphilid molecules form a bilayer with the hydrophillic heads pointing into the water protecting the hydrophobic tails in the middle

31
Q

What happens when the phosphilids come into contact with water? (2)- Tails

A

2 parts of the molecule act differently

The lipid tails are hydrophobic so do not dissolve in water

If the molecules are tightly packed when they enter the water they form a monlayer

and the hydrophobic tails in the air or clusters called micelles

32
Q

Draw the structure of phsoplipid

A

Check the book

33
Q

How is a posholipid formed

A

one of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol goes a esterification reaction with a phosphate group instead of an fatty acid

34
Q

What is a poshop[hlipoid

A

a chemical in which glycerol bonds with two fatty acids and an ingornic phosphate group

35
Q

Why are lipids good at at energy storage

A

lipids contain many carbon hydrogen bonds and little oxygen

when they are oxideised in respiration the bondsa re broken and co2 and water are the prodcuts

this reaction can be sued to drive the production of ATP

36
Q

Why are Lipids are good insulators

A

they have thick fat layers that trap air inside