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biological transitions Flashcards

1
Q

adolescence is a single stage in life. true or false?

A

false. a series of phases

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2
Q

4 phases of adolescence

A
  1. early (10-13)
  2. middle (14-17)
    3, late (18-21)
  3. emerging (early-mid 20s)
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3
Q

adolescence starts from ___ to _____.

A

puberty; adult

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4
Q

what are the 3 fundamental changes of adoles?

these changes are universal. true or false?

A

biological
cognitive
social

true

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5
Q

psychological development of adoles is a product between the interplay of 2 aspects. what are they?

A
  1. fundamental changes
    biological
    cognitive
    social
  2. contexts
    families, peers, leisure, media
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6
Q

what are the 5 psychosocial development in adolescence?

A

identity - discover who u are

autonomy - independence

achievement - success, competence

intimacy - close r/s w ppl

sexuality - sexual feelings + physical contact

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7
Q

psychosocial issues are present only in adolescence?

what are 3 psychosocial problems?

A

psychosocial issues are present throughout all of life.

  1. drugs, alcohol
  2. externalising problems (eg. delinquency)
  3. internalising problems (eg. depression)
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8
Q

hall’s theory of recapitulation

A

-storm and stress
-hormonal changes during puberty cause upheaval

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9
Q

dual systems theories aka ______ theories

A

maturational imbalance

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10
Q

dual systems / maturational imbalance theories

A

anatomical + functional brain changes

1st brain system takes place early

2nd brain still maturing in adolescence

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11
Q

what is under 1st brain system?

A

rewards
punishments
social emotional info

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12
Q

what is under 2nd brain system?

A

self-control
advanced thinking

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13
Q

2 theories under biosocial are?

A

dual systems

hall’s theory of recapitulation

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14
Q

3 theories under organismic?

A

sigmund freud

erik erikson

jean piaget

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15
Q

sigmund freud’s theories

A
  • 5 stages of psychosexual development
  • libido’s energy focused on different body part at each stage
  • in adolescence, libido’s energy focused at gential stage (attracted to opp sex)
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16
Q

erik erikson’s theories

A

8 stages of psychosocial development

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17
Q

in adolescents’ development theories, sigmund freud is to psycho_______ as erik erikson is to psycho________ as jean piaget is to ___________.

A

sexual; social; cognitive

18
Q

jean piaget’s theories

A

4 stages of cognitive development
- sensorimotor (0-2)
- preoperational (2-7)
- concrete-operational (7-11)
- formal-operational (11+)

19
Q

according to ____, adoles are 12 to 18 years old.

A

erik erikson

20
Q

the psychosocial crisis for adolescence is ________.

A

identity vs identity confusion

21
Q

in adoles, virtue is ___ and maldevelopment is __________.

A

fidelity (sexual faithfulness); repudiation (rejection)

22
Q

2 theories of learning

A
  1. behaviourism
    - operant conditioning (skinner)
  2. social learning theory
    - observatonal learning (bandura)
23
Q

2 theories of sociological development

A
  1. adolescent marginality
    - diff in power btwn adults and adolescents
    - treated more immature than they really are
  2. intergenerational conflict
    - diff upbringing
    - diff sets of attitudes, values n beliefs
    - cause tension btwn adults and adolescents
24
Q

what is adolescent marginality

A
  • diff in power btwn adults and adolescents
  • treated more immature than they really are
25
what is intergenerational conflict
- diff upbringing - diff sets of attitudes, values n beliefs - cause tension btwn adults and adolescents
26
name 2 theories of historigical & anthropological development in adolescents
1. social invention - from one era to another - reflection of political, economic, & social circumstances 2. anthropological perspectives - culturally-defined experience - benedict's view 1) non-industrialised societies - gradual and peaceful 2) modern-industrialised societies - abrupt and difficult
27
are adolescents universally stressful?
no. depends on context and individual.
28
one universal feature of adolescence is physical changes accompanying sexual maturation. one becomes capable of __________. this process is called ________.
sexual reproduction puberty
29
what changes and what doesnt during puberty?
4 major changes: - brain anatomy - rapid growth (height/weight) - development of primary sex characteristics (gonads) - development of secondary sex characteristics (genitals, breasts, hair) remains unchanged: production of new hormones or bodily systems
30
main function of endocrine system
produces, circulates and regulates hormone levels in body involves: pineal gland hypothelamus parathyroid glands thyroid gland pituitary gland thymus adrenal glands pancreas kidneys ovaries testes
31
describe the hormonal feedback loop
- hypothalamus inhibits pituitary gland unless sex hormone levels drop below set point, then it stimulates pituitary gland - pituitary gland signals gonads (testes and ovaries) to release more sex hormones - hypothalamus monitors sex hormone levels to maintain correct set point
32
during puberty, simultaneouos release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones and androgens stimulates rapipd gains in ___ and ____ in adolescents.
height; weight
33
what is peak height velocity
point where adolescent is growing most rapidly
34
what is the muscle-to-fat ratio in boys and girls after puberty?
boy - 3:1 girls - 5:4
35
what is menarche and when does it develop?
1st menstrual period developes in ages 10-16.5
36
is puberty stressful
plastic brain theory - puberty affects brain in ways that make people more vulnerable to stress. thus, heightened susceptibility to stress in adolescence. maturing early may be stressful esp for girls but going through puberty "on time" is not
37
most adolescents do or do not report large ups and downs in thier moods.
do not
38
changes in mood in adolescents is not only due to _____, but also ___ and _____
hormonal changes; envt; shifts in activities
39
what is the main change in sleep pattern during puberty?
delayed phase preference - later sleep n wake times
40
explain delayed phase preference
delayed phase preference - later sleep n wake times (main change in sleep pattern during puberty) falling asleep caused by biology + envt: - melatonin secreted later - envt: internet/tv - reasons to stay up late staying up late + waking early for school = sleep deprivation +daytime sleepiness insufficient sleep leads to: depression poor self-ctrl delinquency alcohol obesity r/s problems cog. impairment

adolescence (10 decks)

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