Biological Systems Flashcards
What are the 6 main biological systems?
Skeletal system, muscular system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system and endocrine system
What is the skeletal system?
The body’s framework, it includes bones, cartilage and ligaments. Provides structure and support, giving the body shape and strength. Protects the vital organs and serves as an anchor for muscles.
What’s is the muscular system?
It is made up of muscles, tendons and ligaments. They contract and relax to give us the power to move and lift things. They work together to ensure stability, control and balance.
What is the cardiovascular system?
The heart- pumps blood around the body.
Blood vessels- carry blood
Arteries - deliver blood
Veins- bring the blood back to the heart
Blood - transports
Red blood cells- deliver oxygen
White blood cells- fight infection
Platelets - help stop us bleeding
What is the respiratory system?
The lungs: expand and contract with each breath. Take in oxygen.
The diaphragm: during inhalation contract and flattens as the air draws in. Returns to dome shape and pushes air out on exhale.
The airways: gets oxygen to where it needs to be. On inhale air passes through the nose and mouth, then down the windpipe and to the lungs.
What is the nervous system?
The control centre of the body. Made up of the Brain, spinal cord, nerves, neurotransmitters and peripheral nervous system.
What is the endocrine system?
Made up of hormone secreting organs.
Pituitary gland: sends signal to check working order of other glands.
Thyroid gland: regulate energy and metabolism.
Adrenal glands: gives burst of energy when needed.
Ovaries and Testes: growth and development
What effect does exercise have on the cardio respiratory system?
Exercise helps strengthen the heart muscle, making it more efficient at pumping blood and delivering oxygen to the rest of the body.
Regular exercise = more efficient lungs
• improves circulation and releases endorphins
What impacts does regular exercise have on the nervous system?
Enhanced co-ordination, mood boost and stress relief, cognitive function and clarity, enhanced reflexes and reaction time, neuroplasty and growth (giving nervous system chance to grow and adapt)
What are the effects of regular exercise on the endocrine system?
•hormone release - such as adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. Help the body cope with mental and physical stress, aid energy production and regulation of blood sugar levels.
• growth hormone boost: muscle growth, repair and overall development.
• improved insulin sensitivity: promoting efficient glucose utilisation and regulations.
• regulation of cortisol levels: helps manage stress and inflammation.
• hormonal balance: keeping menstrual cycles regular + contributing to reproductive health in men and women.
• enhanced thyroid function: regulate metabolism and energy expenditure.
What are the 6 signs of overtraining?
• cardiovascular system: decreased cardiovascular performance, demonstrated by change in resting heart rate, bloody pressure and overall exercise capacity.
• central nervous system: fatigue, irritability, mood disturbances, reduced cognitive function, disturbance in sleep patterns.
• muscle and joints: persistent muscle soreness, increased susceptibility to injury, reduced muscle strength and joint pain/discomfort.
• immune system: increased susceptibility to infections, frequent illness and prolonged recovery time.
• endocrine system: signs of hormonal imbalance, changes to menstrual cycle, decreased libido and disruption of cortisol levels.
• gastrointestinal system: digestive issues, such as nausea, bloating and changes in bowel movements
What is Aerobic energy?
This system goes the distance, fuelled by oxygen. It breaks down carbohydrates and fats in the presence of oxygen to produce a steady sustainable supply of energy.
What is anaerobic energy?
Quick intense bursts of power. The system doesn’t rely on oxygen instead relies on energy stored in muscles to quickly fuel brief, high intensity activities such as a sprint or heavy lifting.
What is the aerobic threshold?
A comfy pace - you can keep a conversation going without getting too out of breath. You can keep going for ages.
What is the anaerobic threshold?
Things start to pick up, you feel the burn in a good way. Pushing hard and can’t keep up the conversation. Fast paced zone.
