Biological Molecules

Question 1

Ratio of carbohydrates

Answer 1

C:H:O 1:2:1

Question 2

How to test for glucose

Answer 2

Boil with Benedict solution (in water bath) - blue -> brick red

Question 3

Is glucose soluble

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Is starch soluble

Answer 4

No

Question 6

What type of energy is glucose

Answer 6

Short term

Question 7

What is starch used for

Answer 7

Storing energy in plants

Question 8

What is starch made up of

Answer 8

A long chain of glucose molecules

Question 9

Test for starch

Answer 9

Iodine - goes from orange to black

Question 10

Which is quicker to turn into glucose - starch or glycogen

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

Why is glucose important

Answer 11

Key ingredient for respiration

Question 12

What are carbohydrate cell walls made of and how strong is it

Answer 12

Cellulose - very strong

Question 13

What is maltose

Answer 13

Two glucose molecules

Question 14

What turns starch into sugars

Answer 14

Amylase

Question 15

What breaks maltose into glucose

Answer 15

Maltase

Question 16

Why is energy not stored as glucose

Answer 16

It is soluble so it would be lost from the cell when osmosis occurs

Question 17

What do animals store glucose as

Answer 17

Glycogen

Question 18

What is glycogen

Answer 18

A highly branched molecule, made up of chains of glucose. It is how animals and fungi store glucose. Stored in the muscles and the liver

Question 19

Why do animals/fungi and plants store glucose differently

Answer 19

Animals and fungi have higher demand for glucose and since glycogen is easier to turn into glucose, this makes it easier to meet the higher energy demand

Question 20

What elements make up proteins (6)

Answer 20

SPONCH
1. Sulphur
2. Phosphorus
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
5. Carbon
6. Hydrogen

Question 21

What are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

What determines the order of the amino acids in proteins

Answer 22

Our DNA

Question 23

What do proteins form (3)

Answer 23

1. Enzymes
2. Hormones
3. Fibrous structures within animals e.g. collagen, keratin

Question 24

How to test for proteins

Answer 24

Biuret (WITH AN i) test - blue to purple

Think of it as buyer-ette to make sure not to forget the i

Bio has the i - bio-rette

Question 25

What are proteins used for (2)

Answer 25

Growth and repair

Question 26

When is glucose converted into glycogen

Answer 26

When blood sugar levels are high, insulin is released to uptake glucose and convert it to glycogen

Question 27

What is glucagon and what does it do

Answer 27

A protein that breaks down glycogen, which increases blood sugar levels Remember it as gluca-gone so as to not get it mixed up with glycogen - common gcse mistake

Question 28

Where is glucagon secreted from

Answer 28

The pancreas

Question 29

Where is insulin secreted from

Answer 29

The pancreas

Question 30

What are lipids used for

Answer 30

Storage and structural molecules

Question 31

Why are lipids important for storage

Answer 31

1. Longer term storage than glycogen 2. More energy efficient (more energy per gram)

Question 32

What are lipids made of

Answer 32

A glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 33

What breaks the bond between the fatty acids and the glycerol

Answer 33

Lipase

Question 34

What is the structure of a lipid known as

Answer 34

Triglyceride

Question 35

How do you test for lipids

Answer 35

Dissolve in ethanol and add this to water - positive test is cloudy emulsion (e.g. when oil is stirred with water it will be in clumps) forming