Biological Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Jeffery Gary’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory based on?

A

Brain function research with animals, linking Anxiety and Impulsivity to brain systems

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2
Q

What is the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)?

A

A system activated by punishment-associated conditions, promoting anxiety and avoidance behavior

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3
Q

What personality traits are linked to a highly sensitive BIS?

A

Anxiety, susceptibility to fears, worry, and depression

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4
Q

What is the Behavioral Activation System (BAS)?

A

A system activated by reward-associated conditions, promoting positive emotions and approach behavior

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5
Q

What personality traits are linked to a highly sensitive BAS?

A

Impulsivity, seeking people, and engaging in risky activities

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6
Q

What is John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory?

A

A theory that early bonds with caretakers form prototypes for later relationships

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7
Q

What are the two dimensions of insecure attachment styles?

A

Anxious style and avoidant style

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8
Q

What characterizes an Anxious Attachment Style?

A

Fear of rejection, excessive need for approval, and distress when a partner is unresponsive

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9
Q

What characterizes an Avoidant Attachment Style?

A

Fear of dependence, excessive self-reliance, and reluctance to self-disclose

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10
Q

What is a secure attachment style?

A

Absence of tendencies seen in anxious and avoidant styles

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11
Q

What are the outcomes associated with insecure attachment styles?

A

Poor relationships, psychological difficulties, and susceptibility to maltreatment

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12
Q

What is the basis of Evolutionary Personality Psychology?

A

Psychological mechanisms evolved to solve common human problems via natural selection

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13
Q

How is Anxiety explained in evolutionary terms?

A

It arises from fear of social exclusion, a critical survival mechanism for group belonging

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14
Q

What criticism exists for the evolutionary approach to personality?

A

Some psychological mechanisms might lead to human extinction

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15
Q

What tool is used to measure electrical brain activity?

A

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

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16
Q

What is the significance of Alpha Waves in personality research?

A

They are linked to emotions and cerebral hemisphere activity

17
Q

What is the cerebral asymmetry?

A

Differences in activation levels of the right and left hemispheres of the brain

18
Q

What mood states are associated with left hemisphere activation?

A

Positive mood states

19
Q

What mood states are associated with the right hemisphere activation?

A

Negative mood states

20
Q

What did Davidson and colleagues research reveal about depression?

A

Depression is linked to less left hemisphere activity, not increased negative emotion activity

21
Q

What does anhedonia mean in the context of depression?

A

The inability to experience happiness or positive emotions

22
Q

How does EEG research suggest a physiological vulnerability to depression?

A

Depresses individuals show decreased left hemisphere activity even in non-emotional states