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BIOL235 > BIOL235_Chap8 > Flashcards

BIOL235_Chap8 Flashcards

1
Q

primary function of the appendicular skeleton

A

movement

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2
Q

bones of the appendicular skeleton

A

upper + lower limbs
2 girdles that attach limbs to axial skeleton

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3
Q

pectoral (shoulder girdles)

A

2
attach bones of upper limbs to axial skeleton

clavicle + scapula

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4
Q

clavicle

A

anterior bone that articulates with manubrium of sternum at sternoclavicular joint

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5
Q

where does the scapula articulare with the clavicle

A

the acromioclavicular joint

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6
Q

where does the scapular articulate with the humerus

A

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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7
Q

pectoral girldes do not

A

articulate with the certebral coloumn

held in position + stabilized by muscles

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8
Q

clavicle

A

2
S-shaped, lies horizontally across anterior part of thorax superior to first rib
subcutaneous + easily palpable
S-shaped by medial half convex anteriorly, lateral half is concave anteriorly

clavicle is rougher + more curved in males

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9
Q

scapula = shoulder blade

A

large triangular flat bone, situated in superior part of posterior thorax betw levels of 2nd + 7th ribs

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10
Q

acromion

A

exapnded process
projection of lateral end of the spine of the scapula
points out from body to your right or left

high point of shoulder

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11
Q

upper limb bones

A

30

humerus in arm
ulna + radius in forearm,
8 carpals in carpus of wrist, 5 metacarpals in metacarpus palm, 14 phalanges in hand

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12
Q

humerus

A

arm bone
longest + largest bone in upper limb
articupates proximally with the scapula + distally with ulna + radius to form elbow

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13
Q

ulna

A

on medial aspect (little finger side) of forearm
longer than radius
PU - Pinky on the Ulna side
ulna widens at proximal end + narrows at distal end

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14
Q

radius

A

smaller forearm bone
lateral aspect (thumb side) of forearm
narrow at proximal end + widens at distal end

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15
Q

carpus

A

wrist

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16
Q

carpus/wrist

A

proximal region of the hand
= 8 small bones = 8 carpals jointed to each other by ligaments

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17
Q

scaphoid carpals

A

boatlike carpals/wrist bones

proximal

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18
Q

lunate

A

moon-shaped carpals/wrist bones

proximal

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19
Q

triquetrum

A

three-cornered carpals

proximal

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20
Q

pisiform

A

pea-shaped carpals

proximal

21
Q

proximal/further from digits carpals

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform

proximal

22
Q

distal/closer to digits carpals

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

23
Q

trapezium

A

four-sided figure with no two sides parallel carpals

distal

24
Q

trapezoid

A

four-sided figure with 2 sides parallel carpals

distal

25
Q

capitate

A

head-shaped carpals

distal

26
Q

hamate

A

hooked carpals

distal

27
Q

where is the wrist joint?

A

where the proximal carpals articulate with the distal ends of the ulna + radius

28
Q

which carpal is the only one broken in 70% of carpal fractures?

A

scaphoid

29
Q

Stop Letting Those People Touch The Corpse’s Hand

A

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform (proximal)
Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

30
Q

carpal tunnel

A

the anterior concave space formed by the pisiform + hamate _ the scaphoid + trapezium with a rooflike covering of the flexor retinaculum

long flexor tendons of digits _ thumb + meian nerve pass thru

narrowing due to inflammation can cause carpal tunnel syndrome

31
Q

metacarpus

A

palm

5 metacarpals/hand bones

32
Q

metacarpal bone has

A

proximal base
intermediate shaft
distal head

bases articulate with distal row of carpal bones to form carpometacarpal joints

heads articulate with proximal ends of phalanges to form metacarpophalangeal joints

heads = knuckles

33
Q

phalanges

A

digit bones 14

each phalanx has
a proximal base, an intermediate shaft + distal head

34
Q

all digits have a proximal, middle, and distal phalanges except the pollex/thumb that has

A

2: proximal and distal

35
Q

joints betw phalanges

A

interphalangeal joints

36
Q

pelvic (hip girdle) constsist of

A

2 hips bones

37
Q

other names for hip bones

A

coxal
pelvic bones
os coxa

38
Q

hip bones unite anteriorly at what joint?

A

pubic symphysis

39
Q

bony pelvis is a deep basinlike structure composed of

A

hip bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum, + coccyx

40
Q

what does the bony pelvis do functionally?

A

provides strong + stable support for vertebral column + pelvic + lower abdominal organs
connects bones of lower limbs to axial skeleton

41
Q

3 bones that a newborn’s hip bones are composed of

A

superior ilium
inferior + anterior pubis
inferior + posterior ischium

separated by cartilage

fuse by age 23

42
Q

ilium

A

largest of 3 componnents of hip bone
body = one of components of femur socket

bruising of anterior superior iliac spine associated with soft tissues = hip pointer
the broad flank part
the superior portion of the hip bone
gluteal muscles attach to ilium

43
Q

ischium

A

inferior posterior portion of hip bone

prominent ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch below psine, rought + thickened ischial tuberosity - just deep to skin, so starts hurting if sit on it too long on hard surface
second largest part of hip bone
surrounds obturator forament largest forament in body + surrounds with pubis

44
Q

pubis

A

pubic bone
anterior + inferior part of hip bone
smallest part of hip bone

pectineal line
pubic symphysis
acetabulum

45
Q

pectineal line

A

raised line which extends superiorly + laterally along superior ramus to merge with arcuate line of ilium
important for distinguishing superior/false from inferior true portions of bony pelvis

46
Q

pubic symphysis

A

joint betw the 2 pubes of hip bones
inferiro rami converge to form pubic arch

increased flexibiliyt during baby delivery due to hormone relaxin
also changes mother’s gait

47
Q

acetabulum

A

deep fossa formed by ilium, ischium + pubis
socket for rounded head of femur

with femoral head form hip joint

48
Q
A

BIOL235 (8 decks)

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