Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL235 > BIOL235_Chap1 > Flashcards

BIOL235_Chap1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

science of body structures and relationships between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiology

A

science of bodyfunctions - science of how the body parts work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Body’s 6 levels of structural organization

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cellular level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. system (organ-system) level
  6. Organismal level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chemical level of structural organization

A

letters of the alphabet
atoms and molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cellular level of structural organization

A

words, smallest elements that make sense
molecules combined to form cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tissue level of structural organization

A

words put together to form sentences
tissues are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

4 types: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, + nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

organismal level of structural organization

A

the whole book
organism = any living individual , all the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Organ level of structural organization

A

different types of tissues are joined together to form organs
paragraphs of sentences
organs are structures that are composed of 2+ diff types of tissues, they have specific functions and usually recognizable shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

System (organ-system) level of structural organization

A

a chapter of paragraphs
a system consists of related organs (paragraphs) with a common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atom

A

smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

molecules

A

2+ atoms joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cells

A

the basic structural + function units of an organism that are composed of chemicals

smallest living units of the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tissues

A

groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

-epithelial, connective, muscular, + nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 types of tissues

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective
  3. muscular
  4. nervous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

organs

A

structures that are composed of 2+ different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually recognizable shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

system

A

consists of related organs with a common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

organism

A

all the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anabolism

A

phase of metabolism which involves the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
2 phases: anabolism + catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

catabolism

A

phase of metabolism which involves the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

basic life processes

A
  1. metabolism
  2. responsiveness
  3. movement
  4. growth
  5. differentiation
  6. reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

responsiveness

A

the body’s ability to detect + respond to changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

movement

A

motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, + tiny structures inside cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

differentiation

A

the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
growth
an inc in body size that results from an inc in size of existing cells, an inc in number of cells, or both
25
reproduction
the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement OR the production of a new individual
26
intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid within cells
26
homeostasis
the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body's internal environment
27
body fluids
dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals that are found inside cells + surrounding them intracellular fluid + extra-cellular fluid + interstitial fluid
28
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid outside body cells
29
interstitial fluids
ECF (extracellular fluid) that fills narrow spaces between cells of tissues
30
Blood plasma
ECF within blood vessels
31
lymph
ECF in lymphatic vessels
32
cerebrospinal fluid
ECF around the brain + spinal cord
33
Usually, the body's regulating systems that bring internal environment back into balance for homeostasis are:
nervous system + endocrine system, working together or independently to provide corrective measures
34
synovial fluid
ECF in joints
35
Aqueous humor OR vitreous body
ECF in the eyes
36
receptor
body structure that monitors changes in controlled condition and sends input to a control center through an afferent pathway
37
feedback system (feedback loop)
cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, change, remonitored, reevaluated, etc.
38
afferent pathway
pathway through which a receptor sends inputs to a control center
39
input
to control center usually in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals
40
control center
sets the narrow range or set point within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed
41
output
from control center usually through nerve impulses or hormones or other chemical signals
42
efferent pathway
pathway through which a control center sends outputs to an effector
43
response
effect that changes the controlled condition and produced by the effector
44
effector
body structure that receives output from control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition
45
negative feedback system
a feedback system which reverses a change in a controlled condition will stop itself
46
positive feedback system
feedback system which tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions will continue until stopped by something - childbirth can go on until kills
47
anatomical position
the standard position of a region or part of the human body which descriptions assume the part is in
48
prone
lying facedown
49
supine
lying faceup
50
regional names
head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs
51
posterior
nearer the back of the body
52
directional terms
words that describe the position of one body part relative to another
53
anterior
nearer the front of the body
53
inferior
away from the head or lower part of a structure
53
superior
toward the head or upper part of a strucuture
54
medial
nearer the midline (a vertical line divides into equal right + left sides)
55
lateral
farther from midline
56
contralateral
on opposite side of body
56
intermediate
between 2 structures
57
ipsilateral
on same side of body
58
proximal
nearer to attachment of a limb to the trunk, nearer the strucuture's origin
59
superficial
toward or on surface of body
59
planes
imaginary flat surfaces that pass thru body parts
60
distal
farther from point of attachment of limb to trunk, farther from origin
61
deep
away from surface of body
62
parasagittal plane
a sagittal plane that divides into unequal right + left sides
63
sagittal plane
vertical plane devides into = right + left sides
64
midsagittal plane
a sagittal plane that runs through midline of body
65
transverse plane = cross-sectional = horizontal plane
divides into superior + inferior
65
frontal = coronal plane
divides into anterior (front) + posterior (back)
66
oblique plane
plane that passes through at oblique angle (not 90)
67
section
a cut of body or organ made along a plane
68
body cavities
spaces that enclose internal organs
69
cranial cavity
hollow space of the head formed by cranial bones and contains brain
70
thoracic cavity = chest cavity
hollow space formed by ribs, the chest muscles, sternum, + thoracic portion of vertebral column
71
pericardial cavity
filled space in the thoracic cavity that surrounds the heart
72
pleural cavities
2 fluid-filled spaces in the thoracic cavity that each surround a lung
73
abdominopelvic cavity
hollow spaces that extends from the diaphragm to the groin + is encircled by abdomiinal muscular wall + bones + muscles of pelvis - abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity
74
abdominal cavity
superior portion of abdominopelvic cavity that contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small I, and most of large I.
75
pelvic cavity
inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the urinary bladder, portions of large I, + internal organs of reproductive system
76
viscera
organs inside thoracic + abdominopelvic cavities
77
membrane
thin pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions, or connects structures
78
abdominopelvic regions
1st method of partitioning the abdominopelvic cavity 9 regions in tic-tac toe commonly used for anatomical studies
79
quadrats
2nd method of partitioning the abdominopelvic cavity 4 quadrats commonly used by clinicians for describing site of pain, tumor or abnormality

BIOL235 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions