BIOL 134

Question 1

What are the four ethical principles?

Answer 1

1) Non-maleficence (do no harm)
2) Beneficence (do good)
3) Autonomy (self rule)
4) Justice (fair distrobution of benefits, risks and cost)

Question 2

What does vivisection mean?

Answer 2

Originally surgery on animals but expanded to mean any type of animal research

Question 3

What are the 3 R’s in ethics?

Answer 3

Replacement
Reduction
refinement

Question 4

What can be done to minimise risk in phase one of human trials?

Answer 4

Sequential dosage to limit number of people effected and gradual increases in dosage to minimise adverse effects

Question 5

What legal context is there for human trials?

Answer 5

1948 Nuremberg code
1968 Declaration of Helsinki
1987 Belmont report

UK law of tort
2004 human tissue act

Overseen by:
General Medical Council (GMC)
Nursing and Midwifery Council code of conduct (NMC
Uni and research organisations

Question 6

What is person-centered care?

Answer 6

Developing the understanding and knowledge of the patient to allow for them to make informed descisions about their healthcare and make it more tailored to the individual

Question 7

What is an expert patient?

Answer 7

A patient with a physical/mental condition that tends to be chronic and they come to understand their condition better than professionals and can take the lead in managing their condition

Question 8

What is the Mental Health Act (1983, 2007)?

Answer 8

Main piece of legislation which covers assessment, treatment and rights of mental health patients
Only detain people who need urgent treatment or if they pose risk to themselves or others
They may be held for 28 days (section 2) or 6 months (section 3)
They may be treated against their will.