Bioenergetics Flashcards
Substrates:
fuel sources from which we make energy (ATP); carbohydrate, fat, protein
Bioenergetics
process of converting subtsrates into energy
metabolism
highly integrated network of chemical reactions essential to viability of living organisms
Measuring energy release
calories or kilocalorie
Calorie (cal)
amount of heat energy needed to raise 1g of water 1 degree celcius
Kilocalorie
equals 1,000 calories
Endergonic reactions
require energy to be added to the reactants before the reaction will proceed
Exergonic reactions
reactions that give off energy as a result of chemical processes
3 primary sources of energy:
carbohydrates (CHO), fats, proteins
Energy is released when chemical bonds are:
broken
During short activity, more __; during longer activity,
CHO; CHO, Fat
Carbohydrates provide:
4kcal/g ~ 2500 kcal stored in body (very little)
All CHO is converted into:
glucose
CHO is transported to:
all body tissues
Extra glucose is stored as ___ in the liver and muscles
glycogen
Glycogen is converted back to glucose when:
more ATP is needed
Glycogen stores are:
limited, rely on dietary CHO to replenish
Fat provides:
~9kcal/g
fat is an ___ substrate, with ___ storage
efficient, efficient
Fat is stored in the form of:
triglycerides (TGs)
TGs must be broken down by a process called
lipolysis
only FFA’s are used to form:
ATP
Phospholipids are used to build:
cell membranes
More glycogen is stored in ___ than ___
muscle than liver